海洋环境移动平台观测技术发展趋势分析

文中论述了海洋环境移动平台观测技术发展现状,强调移动平台观测技术的重要性。通过剖析移动平台观测技术谱系,从顶层设计、关键技术创新、平台载体系统集成及应用技术等方面,分析了未来技术发展趋势,提出了加强我国海洋环境移动平台观测技术的发展建议。     

Genetic diversity and population structure of the franciscana dolphin,Pontoporia blainvillei,in Southern Buenos Aires,Argentina

The franciscana dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei, is endemic to the coastal waters of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean and the most endangered dolphin in the area. Four Franciscana Management Areas (FMAs) are currently recognised; however, results of genetic studies suggest the requirement for additional FMAs and highlight the need for more detailed studies in the southern extreme of the species distribution. With this aim, we studied the genetic diversity and population structure of the species analysing an mtDNA control region fragment (434?bp) in 44 individuals collected in four sampling sites located in Southern Buenos Aires. Haplotype diversity (H?=?0.75?±?0.05) was mostly higher than the observed in endangered or near threatened odontocetes. Population structure analyses suggest that three different genetic populations should be recognised within FMA IV: Northern, Eastern and Southern Buenos Aires. Altogether, these results should be taken into account in future conservation plans for the species.     

Ontogenic variation and effect of collection procedure on leaf biomechanical properties of Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile

Leaf mechanical traits are important to understand how aquatic plants fracture and deform when subjected to abiotic (currents or waves) or biotic (herbivory attack) mechanical forces. The likely occurrence of variation during leaf ontogeny in these traits may thus have implications for hydrodynamic performance and vulnerability to herbivory damage, and may be associated with changes in morphologic and chemical traits. Seagrasses, marine flowering plants, consist of shoot bundles holding several leaves with different developmental stages, in which outer older leaves protect inner younger leaves. In this study we examined the long‐lived seagrass Posidonia oceanica to determine ontogenic variation in mechanical traits across leaf position within a shoot, representing different developmental stages. Moreover, we investigated whether or not the collection procedure (classical uprooted shoot versus non‐destructive shoot method: cutting the shoot without a portion of rhizome) and time span after collection influence mechanical measurements. Neither collection procedure nor time elapsed within 48 h of collection affected measurements of leaf biomechanical traits when seagrass shoots were kept moist in dark cool conditions. Ontogenic variation in mechanical traits in P. oceanica leaves over intermediate and adult developmental stages was observed: leaves weakened and lost stiffness with aging, while mid‐aged leaves (the longest and thickest ones) were able to withstand higher breaking forces. In addition, younger leaves had higher nitrogen content and lower fiber content than older leaves. The observed patterns may explain fine‐scale within‐shoot ecological processes of leaves at different developmental stages, such as leaf shedding and herbivory consumption in P. oceanica.     

基于Quanser实验平台的带有输出约束单连杆柔性机械臂的神经网络控制

机械臂在航空航天、服务等领域的应用越来越广泛,其研究也越来越深入.相比于刚性机械臂,柔性机械臂质量轻、能耗小,具有更好的性能.但是,由于柔性机械臂本身的结构与材料具有特殊性,其在运动过程中会产生弹性形变与振动,这就给机械臂的定位、轨迹跟踪带来了困难,因此对其振动抑制的研究具有重要意义.本文利用假设模态法对单连杆柔性机械臂系统进行建模,通过李雅普诺夫直接法实现了闭环系统的稳定性.由于一些实际问题对控制系统的状态量有特殊要求,因此采用正切函数形式的障碍李雅普诺夫策略来处理输出约束问题,之后利用神经网络控制方法来逼近系统的不确定性,通过李雅普诺夫法对闭环系统的稳定性进行了分析,并基于Matlab平台设计仿真、基于Quanser实验平台进行实验,对控制器的控制性能进行了验证.     

岩溶地区飞机草化学防治研究

在飞机草(Eupatorium odoratum L.)入侵严重的岩溶区,用样方法进行百草枯(paraquat)、草甘膦(glyphosate)及草甘臃与2,4-D的混合药剂防治野外飞机草试验,每种药剂分别设0.25%、0.5%和1%三个浓度.结果表明:施药5天后,各浓度百草枯处理的飞机草植株全部干枯;高浓度的草甘膦及高、中浓度的草甘膦+2,4-D处理下,飞机草植株2/3的叶干枯,茎半干枯.施药30天后,低浓度百草枯处理的飞机草的死亡率为77%,高浓度处理下的达100%,各处理的新生苗密度极显著小于对照;低浓度草甘膦和草甘膦+2,4-D处理的飞机草死亡率均为33%,高浓度处理的约为50%,各浓度处理下新生苗密度与对照均无显著差异.由此可见:(1)各浓度处理下百草枯的药效高于草甘膦和草甘膦+2,4-D的药效,对土壤中飞机草种子葫发具明显影响,宜用在飞机草单优势群落中.(2)较高浓度的草甘膦和草甘膦+2,4-D可防除大部分飞机草,对土壤中种子影响小,可考虑使用在飞机草为伴生植物的耕地、果园等生境中.     

A simplified approach to design fuzzy logic controller for an underwater vehicle

Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) performance is greatly dependent on its inference rules. In most cases, the more rules being applied to an FLC, the accuracy of the control action is enhanced. Nevertheless, a large set of rules requires more computation time. As a result, an FLC implementation requires fast and high performance processors. This paper describes a simplified control scheme to design a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for an underwater vehicle namely, deep submergence rescue vehicle (DSRV). The proposed method, known as the single input fuzzy logic controller (SIFLC), reduces the conventional two-input FLC (CFLC) to a single input FLC. The SIFLC offers significant reduction in rule inferences and simplifies the tuning process of control parameters. The performance of the proposed controller is validated via simulation by using the marine systems simulator (MSS) on the Matlab/Simulink^® platform. During simulation, the DSRV is subjected to ocean wave disturbances. The results indicate that the SIFLC, Mamdani and Sugeno type CFLC give identical response to the same input sets. However, an SIFLC requires very minimum tuning effort and its execution time is in the orders of two magnitudes less than CFLC.     

维护体系良性运行 适应新版质量标准

本文介绍了海洋技术研究所质量管理处在维护质量体系运行方面的主要作法和经验体会，结合2000版ISO9201标准的新内容，提出适应新版标准的想法。     

水下智能潜器的神经网络运动控制

本文介绍一种基于神经网络的水下智能潜器的运动控制方法，该方法通过在线学习，融控制与滤波为一体。计算机仿真与水池实验验证表明，该方法的控制与滤波性能良好，对环境的学习与适应能力强。该方法事实上可用于一般动力系统的控制。     

诊断台风异常路径的三层权重控制点方案

本方案采用850、700、500hPa三个层次的环境平均流场作控制点法。综合考虑这些层次上的引导气流在不同时、空域中的相对重要性。试验结果表明,其效果比单一取某层作引导为佳。且对用来预测台风的未来24小时路径是否异常具有一定的参考价值。     

增氧机自动控制电路

介绍作者自行设计、研制的控制增氧机运行时间的自动控制电路及其原理．该电路采用ＣＭＯＳ集成芯片，结构简单、工作可靠，价格低，业经试验证实：各项性能指标均符合要求．