棉花年景评价方法

文章介绍两种棉花年景评价方法：综合气象要素评价法和相似分析评价法。前者是将ＡＢ报收到的旬平均气温、旬降水量和旬日照时数按照一定的原则组合成为综合气象要素，分析历史综合气象要素和棉花产量丰歉，得出其评价指标，依据指标，进行实时棉花年景评价；后者是根据历史资料，确定丰歉年型，利用相似分析原理，得出相似分析评价指标，根据指标，判断棉花产量的丰歉。结果表明，这两种评价方法在棉花产量丰歉评价中，准确率都在９０％以上。     

WAVELENGTH SELECTION IN MULTICOMPONENT NEAR-INFRARED CALIBRATION

Modern scanning(near-)infrared reflectance/absorption(NIR)spectroscopes measure the absorptions orreflectances at a sequence of around 1000 wavelengths.Training data may consist of 10-100 carefullydesigned sample mixtures for which the true composition of the mixture is either known by formulationor accurately determined by wet chemistry.In future one wishes to predict the true composition fromthe spectrum.In this paper we compare a simple wavelength selection approach with methods whichretain all the wavelengths.It offers a powerful yet simple technique for choosing those wavelengths thatare specific to each pure component as against the other components(including the medium)for thevarying compositions.In the presence of a defined range of ingredients it thus chooses wavelengths whichare highly selective for each particular component.It has the added advantage of selecting wavelengthswhich are little effected by interaction effects and consequent non-linearities.The calibration data used consist of 125 observations of three sugars,each varying at five levels in afull 5~3 design.The validation set consists of 21 further samples specially selected to have compositionsoutside the range of the training sample.The selection methods perform much better on this predictionset than methods which retain all the wavelengths,700 in this case.The leave-one-out cross-validationinternal to the calibration data would point to the opposite finding and suggests that such cross-validations may be overly flattering to techniques such as partial least squares and may encourageoverfitting.After selection,simple straightforward least squares methods may be used,eschewing theneed for‘shrinkage’methods such as partial least squares or ridge regression.     

GENETIC ALGORITHMS AS A STRATEGY FOR FEATURE SELECTION

Genetic algorithms have been created as an optimization strategy to be used especially when complexresponse surfaces do not allow the use of better-known methods (simplex, experimental designtechniques, etc.). This paper shows that these algorithms, conveniently modified, can also be a valuabletool in solving the feature selection problem. The subsets of variables selected by genetic algorithms aregenerally more efficient than those obtained by classical methods of feature selection, since they canproduce a better result by using a lower number of features.     

红山文化牛河梁遗址形成的环境背景与人地关系研究

本文对辽宁凌源市红山文化牛河梁遗址区的地形进行了考察,对建筑石料进行了鉴定,证明当时人类对地形和岩性的认识和利用已具有较高水平。对遗址文化层的动植物残体分析、孢粉分析及附近大凌河上游全新世沉积剖面的孢粉分析基础上,对牛河梁遗址形成的环境背景和红山文化晚期繁荣的原因及人地关系问题进行了分析探讨。     

Analysis of broadband seismic noise at the German Regional Seismic Network and search for improved alternative station sites

The German Regional Seismic Network (GRSN) comprizes now 16 digital broadband stations equipped with Wieland-Streckeisen STS-2 seismometers, 24-bit dataloggers and a seismological data center at Erlangen. It covers the whole territory of Germany with station-spacings between 80 km to 240 km. The stations are sited in very different environments ranging from near shore at the Baltic Sea coast up to distances of about 700 km from the coast, both within cities and up to about 10 km away from any major settlement, industry or traffic roads. The underground varies from outcropping hard rocks in Hercynian mountain areas, sedimentary rocks in areas of Mesozoic platform cover to up to 1.5 km unconsolidated Quarternary and Tertiary subsoil. Accordingly, seismic background noise varies in a wide range between the upper and lower bounds of the new global noise model. The noise conditions at the GRSN have been investigated systematically by means of displacement power spectral analysis within the frequency range 10^-2 5 for RUE and > 10 for BSEG have been confirmed for frequencies between about 0.6 Hz 3 Hz. Strong lateral velocity and impedance contrasts between the outcropping Triassic/Permian sedimentary rocks and the surrounding unconsolidated Quarternary/Tertiary sediments are shown to be the main cause for the strong noise reduction and signal-to-noise ratio improvement at RUE and can account for about 50% of the noise reduction at BSEG.     

ISI数据库及其期刊评价介绍——兼论我国测绘期刊加入ISI的应对措施

对 ISI数据库的编辑、出版情况作了简要介绍。从基本期刊标准、编辑内容、国际性和引文分析等方面 ,详细说明了 ISI选择期刊的步骤。针对我国期刊的现状 ,提出了相应的提高期刊质量 ,争取加入 ISI数据库的应对措施。     

祁连山区永冻地层钻探工程施工方法

通过对高海拔地区永久冻土层的冻结因素和岩心钻探孔内复杂问题的技术分析,从钻孔结构和钻进方法的选择、低温耐寒聚合物冲洗液的选型和配制等方面探讨了在永冻地层钻探施工预防孔内冻结事故和由于孔壁岩石吸热融冻而发生坍塌、缩径、漏失事故等必须解决的关键问题。     

GENTOOLS在国家1：50000数据库更新工程中的应用研究

1：50000地形数据库更新是一项复杂的地形数据库制作工程。传统的缩编技术工艺与相应的工具难以适应新的生产需要,适应于数字环境下的缩编生产工具的需求则变得非常迫切。GENTOOLS很好地解决了1：50000数据库更新工程中的诸多难题,采用半自动和手动相结合的方法,大大提高了缩编效率,同时也为地形图缩编提供了一种新的选择。