Processing Method of Night-Time Cloudiness for Astronomical Site Selection

The cloudiness is one of the most important factors which affect the quality of an astronomical site, the monitoring and processing of the night- time cloudiness are especially important. The ground-based cloudiness camera is adopted to carry out the monitoring of the all-sky cloudiness, the images taken need to be processed by means of an effective method so as to quantize the cloudiness. The night-time cloudiness images are seriously affected by the moon- light, and therefore, the night-time cloudiness images are processed by dividing them into the moonlight and moonless two sorts. In the light of the condition of moonless night, the processing method of night-time cloudiness is given. The positioning and photometry of the bright stars in the image are conducted to determine their magnitude differences. By referring to the magnitude differences of the bright stars in the clear-night image, the probability of the bright stars of which the magnitude differences are lower than the threshold value are regarded as the probability standard of clear nights. Three sorts of images are selected to test the method. The cloudiness is determined, and the effect of the threshold condition on the result is analyzed. Finally, the applicable range and uncertainty of the method are discussed.     

从第25次南极科考论穿越西风带航线选择

进出南极航行最险的一段是穿越西风带,根据西风带的天气选择正确的航线对于科考航行安全具有重要的意义。在中国第25次南极科考航次(2008-2009)中雪龙号四次穿越西风带。根据本次科考穿越西风带资料和过去航行经验,分析了四次穿越西风带的天气和航线选择,研究了南印度洋西风带天气形势与航线选择。主要结论:(1)西风带航线选择的关键是对气旋的发展和移动做出准确的分析和预报;(2)南印度洋东部天气形势可概括为纬向型(平直型)、高压脊型和槽前型三种天气型,通常高压脊型适合穿越,槽前型不大适合穿越,纬向型(平直型) 介于两者之间;(3)穿越西风带的航法有两种:按习惯航线斜穿和南北向垂直穿越。其中,垂直穿越对于去程很适合,对于回程作用相对有限;(4)在实际航行中,需根据航线特点和天气形势等实际情况选择航线和航法。     

基于水稻特征波段的决策树分类研究

针对种植结构复杂、地形复杂的水稻种植面积遥感提取精度不高现象,结合多时相遥感影像中反映水稻物候规律的特征波段,以南京江宁丘陵山区为例,选择典型水稻物候期时相的TM数据,基于多特征波段构建决策树分类提取水稻种植面积。结果表明:纹理、植被指数、湿度因子、坡度因子等多特征参与决策树分类能够提高总体精度;在具有两期物候数据时提取精度和效率较好,而加入了地形特征的水稻抽穗期数据比水稻灌浆期数据获取效果略好。因此,利用合理的作物物候期数据和该遥感影像的特征波段可有效提高分类精度,为地块破碎区作物种植面积提取提供有效手段。     

永久散射体点目标提取方法研究

分析幅度稳定性、相位稳定性、时序相关性及振幅离差阈值等多种PS点提取方法的特点与缺陷,提出基于时序相关系数阈值与振幅离差阈值并集和交集的PS点识别策略,给出其相应模型,并实例验证了该方法的有效性与优越性。     

The effect of causal parameter bounds in PSHA‐based ground motion selection

In this paper the effect of causal parameter bounds (e.g. magnitude, source‐to‐site distance, and site condition) on ground motion selection, based on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) results, is investigated. Despite the prevalent application of causal parameter bounds in ground motion selection, present literature on the topic is cast in the context of a scenario earthquake of interest, and thus specific bounds for use in ground motion selection based on PSHA, and the implications of such bounds, is yet to be examined. Thirty‐six PSHA cases, which cover a wide range of causal rupture deaggregation distributions and site conditions, are considered to empirically investigate the effects of various causal parameter bounds on the characteristics of selected ground motions based on the generalized conditional intensity measure (GCIM) approach. It is demonstrated that the application of relatively ‘wide’ bounds on causal parameters effectively removes ground motions with drastically different characteristics with respect to the target seismic hazard and results in an improved representation of the target causal parameters. In contrast, the use of excessively ‘narrow’ bounds can lead to ground motion ensembles with a poor representation of the target intensity measure distributions, typically as a result of an insufficient number of prospective ground motions. Quantitative criteria for specifying bounds for general PSHA cases are provided, which are expected to be sufficient in the majority of problems encountered in ground motion selection for seismic demand analyses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于广义高斯模型的SAR幅度图像震害检测

本文以2008年5月12日汶川地震前后的星载ALOS 合成孔径雷达图像作为数据源, 利用广义高斯分布模型作为差异图像中变化类和未变化类的分布模型, 在假设变化和未变化像元服从广义高斯分布的条件下, 估计变化和未变化像元的概率密度参数, 采用KI算法计算最佳分割阈值并提取变化区域。 以都江堰地区为例, 自动检测这次地震导致的地表变化, 快速圈定一些变化差异较大的区域。 研究表明, 该变化检测算法能较准确地描述差异影像的分布, 能够在地震灾害提取中发挥作用。     

两种四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis) 壳内色品系选育初探

采用通径分析原理及个体间随机交配的方法,进行了两种壳内色四角蛤蜊的形态性状差异及品系选育研究。结果表明,两种壳内色四角蛤蜊除颜色不同外,其它形态性状间无显著差异(P>0.05);两者的4个数量性状之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),但影响重量性状的主要形态性状并不相同;壳形态性状对活体重的相关指数均大于0.85,表明所选的壳形态性状是影响活体重的重点性状。两个品系D型及3日龄幼虫大小无显著差异(P>0.05),6、12和15日龄紫色品系的壳长和生长速度均高于白色品系,差异极显著(P<0.01);幼虫期间,两者的存活率无显著性差异(P>0.05),但紫色品系的孵化率和变态率明显高于白色品系(P<0.01)。稚贝室内培育期间,白色品系的壳长明显大于紫色品系(P<0.01);但室外养成期间,两者差异逐渐缩小,90日龄两者壳长已无显著性差异(P>0.05);稚贝期间两者的生长速度及成活率均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。     

多棘海盘车对太平洋牡蛎、紫贻贝、菲律宾蛤仔摄食选择性的研究

以多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)为试验对象,研究了多棘海盘车对3种双壳贝类的摄食选择性、摄食过程中用于搜寻和处理饵料生物的时间分配以及摄食机制等。试验以选择指数、捕食速率、日平均摄食率对多棘海盘车的摄食行为及搜寻和处理时间比进行了描述和统计。结果表明:各处理组多棘海盘车对菲律宾蛤仔的选择指数均为最高,占3种饵料生物的70%以上,显著高于太平洋牡蛎和紫贻贝(P<0.05),而各处理组对太平洋牡蛎的选择性均最低。多棘海盘车对菲律宾蛤仔的捕食速率和日平均摄食率显著高于太平洋牡蛎和紫贻贝。研究发现,在各处理组中多棘海盘车用于搜寻饵料生物的时间无显著差异,但随饵料密度的增加,用于处理饵料的时间逐渐减少。     

日本鼓虾与鲜明鼓虾线粒体基因组全序列的分析比较

首先通过基因组DNA的提取、通用引物PCR扩增和长PCR扩增,从而获得日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)的线粒体DNA;应用鸟枪法和引物步移法测序,获得了日本鼓虾的线粒体基因组全序列。结合GenBank线粒体基因组数据库中鲜明鼓虾(A.distinguendus)的线粒体基因组,比较分析了鼓虾线粒体基因组的基本特征、基因排列、蛋白质编码基因、选择压力和差异位点等。研究结果表明,在日本鼓虾线粒体基因组中共存在9对基因的重叠。日本鼓虾线粒体基因组全长16 487 bp,较鲜明鼓虾线粒体基因组(15 700 bp)长,主要是由于最大非编码区的长度存在差异。日本鼓虾与鲜明鼓虾线粒体基因组均编码37个基因,且37个基因的基因排列完全一致;与泛甲壳动物线粒体基因组的原始排列相比,仅出现1个转运RNA基因(trnE)的易位和倒位。2个鼓虾线粒体基因组蛋白质编码基因的起始密码子和终止密码子存在差异。除了cob基因外,其余12个蛋白质编码基因所编码氨基酸的数目均完全相同。鼓虾线粒体基因组13个线粒体蛋白质编码基因的Ka/Ks比值都远远低于1,显示出较强的负选择。在15个主编码基因中,nad5基因的变异位点数最多,其次是nad4基因和lrRNA基因。因此,nad5,nad4和lrRNA基因可以作为备选的分子标记,用于分析鼓虾不同物种和群体之间的生物多样性。