废弃采石场生态环境治理植物种类选择

通过对废弃采石场以及裸岩山地自然植被的调查,结果表明,南京市废弃石宕及裸岩的植被主要有乔木树种20种,灌木树种30种,草本植物11种,层外植物6种。经过试验,废弃采石场绿化表现优良的乔木树种为马尾松、枫香、青冈、乌冈栎、山桐子、冬青、化香、木荷等,灌木树种为山矾、夹竹桃、栀子等,藤本植物为爬山虎、凌霄、常春油麻藤、葛藤、山荞麦等。绿化方法以筑巢法绿化、石壁藤本植物垂直绿化、自然恢复与人工促进相结合的绿化法,作为今后南京市石宕绿化的主要方法,在不同的石宕部位,采取不同的技术措施。     

地形地质复杂地段的工程地质选线

实践表明,在地形地质复杂地段,做好工程地质选线是保证工程勘察设计质量的关键。本文以××国道选线为例总结了有关的经验和体会。     

菲律宾宿务岛地区矿化蚀变图像识别与提取分析

文章通过遥感多波段数据的背景端元数M值的估计方法、回归偏度曲线分析和地物光谱反射特征来选择信息提取的特征波段;在综合分析的基础上,选择基于Crosta法的F因子与H因子分析方法,根据不同蚀变信息提取的波段选择,以自行开发的软件对律宾宿务岛地区遥感图像进行矿化蚀变信息检测与提取.提取结果表明,区内已知的矿床(点)和矿化蚀...     

桐柏老湾金矿上上河矿区金刚石钻进“打滑”地层所遇问题及对策

通过桐柏老湾金矿上上河矿区＂打滑＂地层的施工,介绍了试验性生产及室内金刚石钻头的优化选择试验,总结了钻进＂打滑＂地层所遇到的问题以及所采取的相应的技术措施。     

The sensitivity of long-term yield targets to changes in fishery age-selectivity

Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) has been adopted as the primary management goal by several inter-government fishery organisations, and in the United States it forms the cornerstone of federal fishery management policy. MSY became a strategic goal for the management of Europe's fisheries following the resolution of the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 to restore or maintain fish stocks to MSY levels by 2015. Calculation of MSY requires information on the rate at which biomass increases through growth and reproduction and the rate at which it decreases through natural mortality and fishing. Population-selection, which measures the age-specific rates of fishing mortality, is a key component for the calculation of yield as a function of fishing mortality and MSY, yet selection rarely features in either management advice or sensitivity analyses. Effective management of selection can potentially lead to increases in long-term yield, but before taking action managers need to understand what long-term increases are possible. Using a hypothetical stock, equilibrium yield curves were calculated for three scenarios in which the shape of the population-selection curve varied. The results illustrate the potential extent of variation in MSY and the corresponding fishing mortality required to achieve it (F_MSY) that may result solely due to changes in population selectivity. They show that relatively subtle changes in selection can produce substantial differences in MSY and F_MSY. The results are discussed with specific reference to the development of long-term management targets and the mechanisms by which managers might try to influence population-selection.     

Rodent selection by Geoffroy’s cats in a semi-arid scrubland of central Argentina

Small mammals usually constitute the main prey for Leopardus geoffroyi throughout its distribution. We studied the patterns of small rodent selection by this felid in a semi-arid scrubland of central Argentina, addressing whether prey choice may be related to the availability, morphology, and distribution of the different rodent species. Cat’s diet was studied during 2005-2006 through the analysis of 182 scats, along with field estimates of rodent abundances from trapping. The cricetine rodents Akodon molinae and Calomys musculinus were predated according to the availability expected by trapping, indicating that their use was opportunistic. Akodon azarae and Graomys griseoflavus, on one hand, and Eligmodontia typus, on the other hand, were consumed in lower and higher proportion than their availabilities, respectively. Our results suggest that some cricetine rodent characteristics such as abundance, escape ability, microhabitat use, and activity period, appear to be potential factors contributing to differential vulnerability to predation by Geoffroy’s cat in central Argentina.     

Man-and-machine technology for the prediction of mineral deposits using geophysical data

To predict secondary geological structures that control the localization of mineral deposits in areas of cover, it is practical to use complex geophysical data. The prediction process is iterative and employs pattern recognition techniques. Each iterative cycle can include the procedure of location and ranging according to their appropriateness to the problem. The quality of the prediction is a function of the suitability of the geological environment under investigation and of the anomalies contained in the geophysical data and their selection.     

基于条件Newmark-Hall三联谱的时程分析选波方法

条件均值谱（CMS）已成为目前国内外广受关注及认可的结构抗震时程分析选波的目标谱,但其无法同时兼顾多个周期点谱加速度具有相同的地震危险水平,对于须考虑多阶振型影响的长周期结构尚存局限。Newmark-Hall三联谱是基于加速度峰值（PGA）、速度峰值（PGV）和位移峰值（PGD）并联合短、中、长周期相关放大系数建立的反应谱,与短、中、长周期结构均具有天然良好的相关性,其与概率地震危险性分析（PSHA）结合较弱及具有经验化特征。将两种反应谱的优势相结合,即将CMS的“条件分布”理念引入Newmark-Hall三联谱,建立了条件Newmark-Hall三联谱（即CN-H）,并提出了以CN-H为目标谱的选波方法（即CN-H方法）。以美国SAC计划设计的3层和9层抗弯钢框架结构为例,将CN-H方法与以CMS为目标谱的选波方法所得结果进行了对比。CN-H方法对于结构反应均值的估计与CMS方法具有一致的准确性,且所得结构反应的离散性也较低,可见CN-H方法对于结构弹塑性时程分析选波具有良好的适用性。     

采用层次分析法的面状居民地自动选取

考虑到居民地的行政等级、位置特征、面积大小等因素对居民地选取的影响,提出了基于层析分析法的面状居民地自动选取方法。首先对影响居民地重要性的因素标准化;然后采用层次分析法对这些因素构建单个居民地层次结构模型,使这些因素加以关联;在此基础上,计算各因素的权值,并综合评价地图上单个居民地要素的重要性程度;最终利用开方根模型完成居民地的选取。该方法将定性分析和定量分析相结合,综合考虑不同因素对居民地重要性影响程度的差别,使权值分配更科学。试验证明,该方法选取的结果符合选取原则,较好地解决了居民地选取问题。