强矿震地球物理过程及短临阶段预测的研究

基于中尺度地震实验场高密度数字地震和前兆台网对抚顺老虎台矿两次强矿震进行连续的现场观测,用地震学方法和小波工具分析强矿震孕震过程采集到的数据,提取短临阶段的异常信息;用区域强震震源机制解、强矿震的震源机制解、极近场震源调查、震源高精度定位、现场绝对地应力测量、三维有限差分数值试验方法,分析强矿震的孕震应力场环境和震源机制;通过定量观察采矿与矿震活动的相关性,分析强矿震的直接诱发原因．提出地质构造环境、地应力场和采矿活动共同作用诱发强矿震的机理和局部应力场在孕育该震过程起主导作用、卸荷重力应力场抑或耦合了高压瓦斯的膨胀起主要诱发作用的观点;发现煤炭深部开采条件下,矿震和瓦斯存在密切的相关性,有可能存在一种开采卸荷和高压瓦斯气体膨胀耦合作用诱发的新型矿震——卸胀耦合型矿震;提取到震前短临阶段存在的b值、η值、频次、波速比等可信的地震学异常和定点潮汐形变前兆异常,对异常信息的提取方法和强矿震短临阶段的预测进行了探讨．     

地震分析软件震相走时表文件结构研究

通过对现有地震分析软件所配置的震相走时表文件的结构类型及优劣进行分析,将震相走时表分为4种组合结构并分析其实用性。在IASPEI91震相走时表文件结构的基础上进行修改、补充和完善,从而提出了一种安全性高、适用面广、灵活性强、能存储各种结构走时表的新型走时表文件结构。应用这种新型结构震相走时表,地震分析软件可以灵活配置不同的走时表,实现精细定位,并为数字化测震台网快速利用测震资料编制和应用高精度的区域震相走时表创造了条件,对于地球深部构造研究具有一定的促进意义。     

基于Django框架的两种Web地震目录分页方法

在搭建基于Django框架的地震目录服务系统过程中,为实现地震目录的快速展示,介绍了在Web服务层和数据库服务层进行数据分页的方法,并实测了两者的Web响应速度。结果表明:当数据量较大时,在数据库服务层实现分页的效率更高。     

地震部门在应急救援演练中应敢于“亮真较劲”

地震应急救援演练是检验应对地震突发事件处置能力的有效途径。如何解决地震应急救援演练中容易出现的"演为看"和"练与用脱节"等现象,厦门市地震局大胆探索、勇于实践,积累了一套科学有效的地震应急救援办法。本文结合实例,从理论与实践相结合的高度,紧紧围绕组织地震应急救援演练要做到"四真",即设置情况真、应急响应真、演练内容真、组织保障真;以及在应对地震突发事件要拧紧"四股劲",即敢于同传统观念"较劲"、敢于同自己短处"较劲"、敢于同难点难题"较劲"、敢于同突破创新"较劲"等8个方面,对如何做好新形势下的地震应急救援工作做了很好的诠释,具有较强的针对性、操作性和有效性,能够帮助人们提高对地震应急救援工作重要性的认识,促进地震应急救援工作的扎实深入开展。     

中国地震目录间的对比及标准化

本文简述了国内两种主要地震目录, 即破坏性地震目录(M_S≥4.7)与中国地震详目(M_L≥1.0)的编制依据、 目录内容, 并指出了目录间的差异。 研究了面波震级(M_S)与近震震级(M_L)间的转换关系, 并推荐了新的转换公式。 最后提出了目录编制标准化的建议。     

对地震文书档案OA管理及应用的几点认识和建议

对山西省地震局地震文书档案OA管理系统作简要介绍,分析其系统运行优点和注意事项,同时,结合目前档案管理工作的实际情况,对今后OA管理系统的运行提出可行性建议。     

European digital archive on soil maps (EuDASM): preserving important soil data for public free access

Abstract

Historical soil survey paper maps are valuable resources that underpin strategies to support soil protection and promote sustainable land use practices, especially in developing countries where digital soil information is often missing. However, many of the soil maps, in particular those for developing countries, are held in traditional archives that are not easily accessible to potential users. Additionally, many of these documents are over 50 years old and are beginning to deteriorate. Realising the need to conserve this information, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the ISRIC-World Soil Information foundation have created the European Digital Archive of Soil Maps (EuDASM), through which all archived paper maps of ISRIC has been made accessible to the public through the Internet. The immediate objective is to transfer paper-based soil maps into a digital format with the maximum possible resolution and to ensure their preservation and easy disclosure. More than 6,000 maps from 135 countries have been captured and are freely available to users through a user-friendly web-based interface. Initial feedback has been very positive, especially from users in Africa, South America and Asia to whom archived soil maps were made available to local users, often for the first time. Link: http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/library/maps/country_maps/list_countries.cfm     

Evidence for repeated re‐activation of old landslides under forest

Local reactivations of landslides in forests are rarely reported in landslide catalogues. The occurrence of hillslope sections with fresh morphological landslide features in forested old, deep‐seated landslides, however, suggests that landslide reactivations are not restricted to residential areas. In this study, a dendrogeomorphological analysis of beech stands was used to investigate the periods of reactivation of a deep‐seated rotational slide in the Koppenberg forest (Flemish Ardennes, Belgium). The relation to rainfall and the correspondence to landslide reactivations reported in a nearby built‐up area were also analysed. A dendrometrical study preceding the dendrochronological analysis proved that, compared with the nearby reference site, trees on the Koppenberg forest landslide site were significantly more inclined and showed more knees, indicating that the landslide site has not stabilized yet. As the sampled trees are younger than the landslide, dendrochronology did not allow determination of the year in which the landslide was initiated, but analysis of two different tree ring width parameters (i.e. ring eccentricity and growth change) calculated for trees sampled on the Koppenberg landslide and the reference site proved to be of great help in determining the temporal sequence of landslide reactivation. During the past 80 years, several periods indicative of local reactivations (i.e. 1943–1945, 1949–1952, 1967–1970, 1972–1977, 1979–1981, 1988–1997) were found within the investigated landslide, but delineation of the spatial extent of the reactivations during these indicative periods was not straightforward. These periods generally correspond to years with above‐average rainfall. Finally, the fact that at least 34% of the years indicative of reactivation of the Koppenberg forest landslide correspond to a year in which a landslide reactivation was reported in the Flemish Ardennes suggests that in built‐up areas, apart from anthropogenic interventions, natural triggering factors remain very important. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单台地震观测报告震相数据的验证方法探讨

简要介绍了利用电子走时表和网上地震目录对单台地震观测报告的震相数据进行初步检查的方法及其软件实现,认为,利用该方法可找出观测报告中分析错误和误差较大的震相,可作为一种对单台地震观测报告进行检查的有效方法。     

纸介质地震观测报告的数据输入与初步验证

为了进行科学研究和数据共享,需要把在模拟地震台网时期产出的纸介质观测报告实现电子化,本文简要叙述了数据的录入与初步验证工作情况,介绍了数据验证及格式转换程序的实现和使用。