Acceleration response modification factors for nonstructural components attached to inelastic moment‐resisting frame structures

A statistical analysis of the peak acceleration demands for nonstructural components (NSCs) supported on a variety of stiff and flexible inelastic regular moment‐resisting frame structures with periods from 0.3 to 3.0 s exposed to 40 far‐field ground motions is presented. Peak component acceleration (PCA) demands were quantified based on the floor response spectrum (FRS) method without considering dynamic interaction effects. This study evaluated the main factors that influence the amplification or decrease of FRS values caused by inelasticity in the primary structure in three distinct spectral regions namely long‐period, fundamental‐period, and short‐period region. The amplification or decrease of peak elastic acceleration demands depends on the location of the NSC in the supporting structure, periods of the component and building, damping ratio of the component, and level of inelasticity of the supporting structure. While FRS values at the initial modal periods of the supporting structure are reduced due to inelastic action in the primary structure, the region between the modal periods experiences an increase in PCA demands. A parameter denoted as acceleration response modification factor (R_acc) was proposed to quantify this reduction/increase in PCA demands. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improved seismic hazard model with application to probabilistic seismic demand analysis

An improved seismic hazard model for use in performance‐based earthquake engineering is presented. The model is an improved approximation from the so‐called ‘power law’ model, which is linear in log–log space. The mathematics of the model and uncertainty incorporation is briefly discussed. Various means of fitting the approximation to hazard data derived from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis are discussed, including the limitations of the model. Based on these ‘exact’ hazard data for major centres in New Zealand, the parameters for the proposed model are calibrated. To illustrate the significance of the proposed model, a performance‐based assessment is conducted on a typical bridge, via probabilistic seismic demand analysis. The new hazard model is compared to the current power law relationship to illustrate its effects on the risk assessment. The propagation of epistemic uncertainty in the seismic hazard is also considered. To allow further use of the model in conceptual calculations, a semi‐analytical method is proposed to calculate the demand hazard in closed form. For the case study shown, the resulting semi‐analytical closed form solution is shown to be significantly more accurate than the analytical closed‐form solution using the power law hazard model, capturing the ‘exact’ numerical integration solution to within 7% accuracy over the entire range of exceedance rate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of the soil–structure interaction on the fundamental period of buildings

This paper includes an investigation of the influence of the soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the fundamental period of buildings. The behaviour of both the soil and the structure is assumed to be elastic. The soil‐foundation system is modelled using translational and rotational discrete springs. Analysis is first conducted for one‐storey buildings. It shows that the influence of the SSI on the fundamental frequency of building depends on the soil–structure relative rigidity K_ss. Analysis is then extended for multi‐storey buildings. It allows the generalization of the soil–structure relative rigidity K_s to such complex structures. Charts are proposed for taking into account the influence of the SSI in the calculation of the fundamental frequency of a wide range of buildings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robust H∞ control for aseismic structures with uncertainties in model parameters

This paper presents a robust H∞ output feedback control approach for structural systems with uncertainties in model parameters by using available acceleration measurements and proposes conditions for the existence of such a robust output feedback controller. The uncertainties of structural stiffness, damping and mass parameters are assumed to be norm-bounded. The proposed control approach is formulated within the framework of linear matrix inequalities, for which existing convex optimization techniques, such as the LMI toolbox in MATLAB, can be used effectively and conveniently. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust H∞ strategy, a six-story building was subjected both to the 1940 El Centro earthquake record and to a suddenly applied Kanai-Tajimi filtered white noise random excitation. The results show that the proposed robust H∞ controller provides satisfactory results with or without variation of the structural stiffness, damping and mass parameters.     

西霞院反调节水库控制网的布设及优化

采取平面网与高程网相结合的方法布设了施工控制网，并引用工程控制网优化设计的有关理论，结合实际对平面网的网形进行了机助优化。在网形确定的基础上，文中采用可靠因子为质量指标对网中的观测量进行优化，最终得到了满足精度和可靠性要求的最优布设方案。     

平坦地区转换GPS高程的混合转换方法

简要介绍了转换GPS高程的二次曲面拟合法和神经网络方法。然而 ,这 2种方法都有缺点 ,介绍的CF&NNM方法充分利用了 2者的优点 ,通过 2个平坦地区的工程实例 ,证实该方法的有效性 ,并得到一些有工程应用价值的结论。     

城市交通网络面向对象的时空数据模型研究

原有的城市交通网络数据模型无法对大比例地图中道路的面状特征进行描述。本文引入面向对象的时空数据模型 ,把各种实体作为对象 ,把道路作为面状要素描述。作为面状要素的道路对象直接继承原有道路的非空间特征 ,通过道路中心线对象和交点对象来继承原有线状要素的道路特征 ,包括网络关系和叠加关系等 ,通过车道段对象来增加作为面状要素的道路特征     

基于非线性理论的边坡稳定性评价模型

边坡稳定问题涉及到各类水利、港工、铁路和工业民用建筑工程。由于影响边坡稳定性的因素较多，而且其变形破坏机理复杂，边坡稳定性问题迄今仍然受到理论研究和工程实践的关注。本文采用非线性理论和方法来研究边坡的变形破坏机理，并建立稳定性评价模型。以分叉和突变理论引出突变级数来表征边坡的状态，并用神经网络从中获取稳定性评价和判断的知识，进而构建系统，并对各类边坡稳定状态做出分析评价。实例分析证明了该方法的有效性。     

四扣地区高精度目标地震采集技术研究

在四扣地区，由于地下地质构造非常复杂，老观测系统炮检距分布不均，方位角较窄，覆盖次数较低，使义东大断裂系统及潜山构造的资料信噪比较低，无法进行精细的构造解释和油藏描述。为了得到该目标区域的资料，作者在文中提供了一种解决思路，即针对复杂地质构造进行精细的目标地震采集设计，并在野外实际生产中运用了一系列的高精度采集技术手段和措施，使目标区域内的资料整体水平比以往有了较大幅度的提高，最终可获得用于精细构造解释的地震剖面。从本次采集在该地区成功应用的实例表明，目标地震采集技术对于解决复杂地质构造区域资料较差的问题是一种很好的方法，对以后类似工区的采集具有参考价值。     

福建省及其沿海和台湾海峡频度统计与分析

本文采用空间扫描方法 ,按选区和时段做震级—频度统计 ,计算年平均地震数。通过比较与分析 ,得出三点初步结论