祁连山中段深部电性结构及潜在震源危险区的研究

位于青藏高原北缘的祁连山中段是地震十分活跃的地区之一。本课题采用ＭＴ重复测量方法，在该区建立的长约４００ｋｍ的剖面上进行监测。本文根据监测所获取的ＭＴ参数，从静态的角度探讨了该区深部电性结构及其电性横向变化特征，进而评估了该区的潜在震源区。研究发现，该区深部介质电性的物质特征有：１．部分地带呈现出剧烈的电性横向变化，２．具有极为发育的特殊增厚的壳内高导层地段，３具有高、低热流的过渡边缘地带，４．具有与活动大断裂相交汇的隐伏断裂构造的局部地段。近年来该区地震活动增强，数次中强地震都发生在具有上述特征的地带中，该地带将可能是祁连山中段的强震－大震潜在震源危险区。这四种电性特征将是潜在震源区的判别标志。     

关于准噶尔西界山带地震活动性研讨

根据地形、地貌、地震地质特征以及地震活动情况研究了准噶尔西界山带的地震活动性。认为１９９０年６月１４日原苏联斋桑７．３级地震和同年８月３日６．８级地震应属准噶尔西界山带地震。显然，准噶尔西界山带范围内的地震烈度区划（１９９０）应该调整。     

新疆北天山地区震磁预报研究

采用统一的分析方法和标准从北天山地区的地磁场总强度资料中提取异常信息．结果表明，在区内发生的一些中强地震前，震中周围的台站存在较明显的中、短期异常．     

磁层系统的能量输入、输出与日地耦合

用１９７８年和１９８２年３６个磁暴期间的太阳风、行星际磁场（ＩＭＦ）和地磁资料，分析和检验已有的两类太阳风－磁层能量耦合函数．结果表明：Ａｋａｓｏｆｕ提出的耦合函数ε能大致地预报亚暴和磁暴的发生。ε开始起重要作用时即出现亚暴；电离层能耗达到饱和值是发生磁暴的标志。ε与磁层体系能耗之间有接近于对数量的线性关系．用１９７８－１９８６年的资料，分析环电流和极光区电离层能耗在１２１个太阳自转周内的分布表明，日面上可能存在相对持久的活动区域     

1988年澜沧—耿马地震的预报速报与对策

1988年11月6日,在云南省澜沧、耿马相继发生了7.6级、7.2级地震。这次地震前曾经作过准确的中长期预报。在1985年完成1986年出版的南北地震带未来十年地震危险性研究报告和预测图中,澜沧、耿马地区就是两个圈定的7级危险区中的一个。1986年该报告正式上报云南省人民政府。1987年起该区域为我省的地震危险性监视区。1988年除加强监视外,我们还加强了一系列大震对策措施的准备工作。1988年8月该区地震活动增强,我局派出的现场考察组向当地政府作了汇报,并指出该区仍存在着严重的地震危险性。与此同时,省局科技人员对该区作出了一系列不同程度的短期预报,并向当地打了招呼,当地政府采取了一定的措施。遗憾未能作出临震预报。大震发生后,我局昆明遥测台网仅7分钟定了位置和震级,并报告了国家地震局和省政府,及时为抗震救灾提供可靠的科学依据。震后2.5小时,现场监测队伍就出发了。在大震现场仅三天内就作出了地震趋势判断,也较好地作出了强余震的预报,有力地组织了地震考察及地震知识宣传。这一系列的大震对策工作极大地推动了现场的抗震救灾工作,减轻了震灾的继续发生及其带来的巨大的心理和社会影响。整个澜沧—耿马地震的预报、速报及大震对策工作在国内外都是一次较高水平的科学实践,得到了中央慰问团及     

某些铀酰矿物加热后的荧光特征

本文描述了11个铀酰矿物加热后的显微荧光特征,并对实验结果进行了初步探讨。随着温度的升高,其相对荧光强度均有不同程度的衰减直至猝灭,但衰减的速度和猝灭的温度是各不相同的。热至200℃时测量的荧光光谱和常温下的荧光光谱相比,不同矿物变化也各不相同。本文根据实验结果绘制了荧光和温度关系曲线及加热至200℃时的荧光光谱曲线。这种荧光变化可能与加热后矿物失水和晶体结构变化有关。对鉴定铀酰矿物具有重要的意义。     

Effect of relative humidity on the angular distribution of scattered light intensity for rural and urban aerosols

The change in atmospheric relative humidity affects the physical and optical properties of aerosol particles. It would be interesting to study the effect of an increase in relative humidity on the angular scattering of light by aerosols (by incorporating the changes due to it as the complex refractive index and the parameters of the size distribution function). In the present paper we have computed the angular scattering function for rural and urban aerosols, for light of wavelength 0.55 μn. The results obtained for these two models, representative of different environments, are interesting and show some discriminating features.     

Prediction of the abiotic degradability of organic compounds in the troposphere

A statistically relevant correlation between the reaction rate coefficient, k _OH, for the OH radical reaction with 161 organic compounds in the gas phase at 300 K, and the corresponding vertical ionisation energies E _i,v, reveals two classes of compounds: aromatics where –log(k _OH/cm³s^-1)3/2E _i,v(eV)–2 and aliphatics where –log(k _OH/cm³s^-1)4/5E _i,v(eV)+3. The prediction of the rate coefficient, k _OH, for the reaction of OH with organic molecules from the above equations has a probability of about 90%. Assuming a global diurnal mean of the OH radical concentration of 5×10⁵ cm³, the upper limit of the tropospheric half-life of organic compounds and their persistence can be estimated.     

华南叠加-重熔型花岗岩的成生机制

南岭成矿带是太平洋及印度洋板块对中国大陆板块联合作用的结果。囊括大量稀有-有色金属矿床的中心弧形构造-岩浆岩系正是这个“钳式”应力场作用的集中体现,“深部叠加-重熔”——以板块持续运动和相对高速率运动产生并贮集能量为前提,以俯冲板块不断带入新的挥发物质为条件,随着动力热和挥发组分的不断回流—汇集—贮集而使仰冲板块深部预热的原地或途中固化-半固化的先期熔融的岩浆岩发生了二次甚至多次的熔融作用。     

Fault dimensions,displacements and growth

Maximum total displacement (D) is plotted against fault or thrust width(W) for 65 faults, thrusts, and groups of faults from a variety of geological environments. Displacements range from 0.4 m to 40 km and widths from 150 m to 630 km, and there is a near linear relationship betweenD andW ². The required compatibility strains (e _s) in rocks adjacent to these faults increases linearly withW and with and ranges frome _s=2×10^–4 toe _s=3×10^–1. These are permanent ductile strains, which compare with values ofe _s=2×10^–5 for the elastic strains imposed during single slip earthquake events, which are characterised by a linear relationship between slip (u) andW.The data are consisten with a simple growth model for faults and thrusts, in which the slip in successive events increases by increments of constant size, and which predicts a relationship between displacement and width of the formD=cW ². Incorporation of constant ductile strain rate into the model shows that the repreat time for slip events remains constant throughout the life of a fault, while the displacement rate increases with time. An internally consistent model withe _s=2×10^–5, giving repeat times of 160 years and instantaneous displacement rates of 0.02 cm/yr, 0.2 cm/yr, and 2.0 cm/yr when total displacement is 1 m, 100 m, and 10 km, and slip increasing by 0.5 mm with each event, gives a good approximation of the data. The model is also applicable to stable sliding, the slip rate varying with ductile strain rate and withW ².