2002年甘肃玉门5.9级地震灾害损失评估

2002年12月14日甘肃玉门发生了5．9级地震，造成了建筑物、构筑物和其他工程设施的破坏。震后开展了地震现场考察与震害评估工作，在充分了解灾区概况和自然环境、社会经济、产业支柱、人口及建筑物现状的基础上，将灾区划分为七个评估区，完成了66个点的震害抽样调查工作，根据地震灾害损失现场评估系统EDLES的要求，建立了有关数据库，做出了比较科学切合实际的经济损失评估结果。     

AN APPARENT TEMPERATURE MODEL BASED ON THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM

In this paper,a comprehensive analysis and review of the advances in the research of human body comfort degree is made.Based on the studies of human thermal equilibrium theories contributed by previous researchers,different apparent temperature models corresponding to different environments are set up in accordance with the current situation and the characteristics of metabolism in different groups of people in China.After case studies and comparison with present dominant human body comfort degree statistical models,it is proved that the apparent temperature models have high rationality and wide adaptability.Furthermore,the comfort scaling standard according to apparent temperature is suggested,which is suitable for the middle latitude regions in China.     

VICARIOUS RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION OF SATELLITE FY-ID SENSORS AT VISIBLE AND NEAR INFRARED CHANNELS

For the problem of in-flight test site radiometric calibration for the FY-1D Meteorological Satellite onboard sensor's visible and near infrared channels,this paper described the calibration method,satellite-ground synchronous observation data acquired at China Dunhuang Calibration Test Site,parameter derivation and radiative transfer computation during the calibration,and the calibration result analysis.At FY-1D seven channels (with central wavelength at Channels 1:630 nm,2:865 nm;6:1610 nm;7:455 nm,8:505 nm;9:555 nm;10:932 nm),calibration coefficients obtained during the ground site calibration were compared with that respectively of prelaunch calibration.It is demonstrated that results of FY-1D onboard two sensors' (A and B) at channels 1,2,6 and 10 were close to pre-calibration,and the absolute difference of Gobi desert reflectance computed using test site and pre-launch calibration coefficients was no more than 2%. At other channels,large pre-launch calibration errors resulted in a poor consistency between the test site and pre-launch calibration.The errors can be corrected by the test site calibration results. Based on a rough estimation,the overall error of the calibration was about 6%. The paper also presented the in-flight vicarious calibration at the visible and near infrared channels of FY-1C sensor A which was launched in 1999 and has been put into operational mode since 2002.The results exhibit that FY-1C sensor's response has 23% attenuation at Channels 7 and 8,while only minor degradation at the other channels was found. During the mission,calibrations were also conducted at NOAA-17's Channels 1 and 2 (1:430-830 nm,2:500-1072 nm).A very good consistency has been achieved between the test site and pre-launched calibration results.     

区域-时间-长度算法及其在华北中强地震中短期前兆特征研究中的应用

引入并改进了区域-时间-长度算法（region-time-length algorithm），较之原来的定义更加强调了地震破裂尺度函数对VRTL的贡献，同时保证了震中距函数、时间函数及破裂尺度函数对VRTL影响的权系数相等．华北5级以上地震的回顾性预测研究结果表明，改进的RTL算法所得到的异常大多具有短期或中短期特征. 震前VRTL变化型态可分为两类:Ⅰ类具有相对完整的变化形态，大多呈现从0开始的上升——转折下降或下降——转折上升形态；Ⅱ类变化形态不完整，一般从0开始急剧上升或下降，无明显转折，主震发生在VRTL极值附近．VRTL上升表征地震活动水平相对于背景变化率的增高，意味着地震活动增强；VRTL下降则意味着地震活动相对于背景变化率的降低，在一定程度上表征了地震活动的平静．据此给出由RTL算法进行中、短期异常识别并粗略估计发震时间的方法. 该方法Ⅰ,Ⅱ类异常3个月内发震的R值评分分别为0.6及0.3左右， 6个月内的R评分分别为0.7及0.4左右．对特征时间跨度、特征距离、震级下限等对VRTL的影响, 以及其它一些实际应用中的重要问题进行了初步讨论．      

观测应变阶在地震应力触发研究中的应用

对中国钻孔应变台网观测到的昆仑山口西MS8.1大地震的应变阶资料的研究结果表明:① 很多观测值与静力位错理论计算值不符合；② 北方地震较活跃地区的很多台站观测到异常大的应变阶，而南方构造运动较不活跃地区的台站虽然也观测到地震波动，但是应变阶不明显. 由此推断，地震的触发（可能是动态触发）作用对远场的实际地震应变变化具有重要影响. 也就是说，远场的构造活动（可能是断层活动）是否曾被地震触发，可能决定当地的应变场变化的主要特征. 进一步对昌平台1999年3月11日张北地震与1999年11月1日大同地震的观测资料对比分析表明:断裂带的分布情况对实际地震应变变化有直接影响. 这证明观测到的异常大的地震应变阶可能是地震触发了当地的断层活动的表现.      

预警地震在地震预测中的意义

对新疆1970-2002年地震资料以不同范围、不同震级进行全时空扫描。结果表明，新疆台网监测能力较好地区绝大多数6级以上地震前地震活动关联图较为清晰。提出了预警地震的概念，认为预警地震在短临预报方面有一定的作用。     

陕西中南部的视应力场研究

利用西安数字地震台网的宽频带数字地震记录，计算了陕西中、南部地震的视应力水平，并讨论了泾阳5．2级地震前后地震视应力的时间变化特征及视应力与震级的关系。     

黑龙江省及其邻区非构造性地震振动研究

应用周期-频度谱方法对黑龙江省数字地震台网资料进行处理，给出了矿震、电缆应力释放、震源车作业、火山地震等振动的周期-频度谱和链波指数，并对构造地震和爆破的链波指数进行了讨论。针对港震公司的数字地震记录格式编写了专门的处理程序，为数字地震台站开展周期-频度谱分析提供了有力的工具。     

川西北倒三角形断块东部区域强震带形成机制与地震活动特征

川西北倒三角形断块东部区域地处青藏高原东部边缘地带,地跨川西北高原及其与四川盆地过渡带的高山峡谷区,属我国著名的南北向地震带的中段,因其特定的大地构造环境和强烈的现代地壳构造运动,导致其在强大的近东西向构造应力场的驱动和平卧“A”字型控震构造体系的控制下,沿两侧边界断裂向东强力楔入,于“构造急剧收口带”之西侧形成了一个近SN向地跨三大构造单元的强震带,强震沿该带有规律的往返迁移和重复发生,且地震活动强弱具有较明显的分形特征。     

Design Earthquakes in the U.K.

Three sites in the UK are taken, representative of low, medium and high hazard levels (by UK standards). For each site, the hazard value at 10⁻⁴ annual probability is computed using a generic seismic source model, and a variety of ground motion parameters: peak ground acceleration (PGA), spectral acceleration at 10 Hz and 1 Hz, and intensity. Disaggregation is used to determine the nature of the earthquakes most likely to generate these hazard values. It is found (as might be expected) that the populations are quite different according to which ground motion parameter is used. When PGA is used, the result is a rather flat magnitude distribution with a tendency to low magnitude events (\le 4.5 ML) which are probably not really hazardous. Hazard-consistent scenario earthquakes computed using intensity are found to be in the range 5.8–5.9 ML, which is more in accord with the type of earthquake that one expects to be a worst-case event in the UK. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.