中国若干下寒武统高硒地层的有机地球化学特征及生物樗物研究

通过中国若干下寒武统高硒地层的有机地球化学及生物标志物研究,主伙高硒地层中有机质的先质母体为菌藻类生物,某些生物樗物指标指示了沉积环境为封闭的缺氧环境。同时,文章结合地质实际讨论还原的沉积环境有利于菌藻类生物的生长和保存,硒的富集与菌藻生物的繁盛有关。     

关于蓟县型中、上元古界沉积环境及内蒙地轴的性质

内蒙地轴和燕辽坳都是华北地台北缘的二级大地构单元,本文在对蓟县型中、上元古界沉积环境和对内蒙地轴演化历史的初步研究基础上,认为蓟县型中、上元古界沉积盆地于长城－蓟县期,在北部与广海相连,属于陆表海发展,在青白口期,由于北部逐渐抬升,该沉积盆地才具有陆内盆地性质,内蒙地轴在长城－蓟县期总体处于水下环境,青白口爰开始抬升为古陆,其大规模抬升可能是在古生代或更晚。     

巨野煤田潮坪沉积体系及聚煤特征

以大量钻孔岩心和测井资料为基础,研究了巨野煤田石炭二叠系陆表海盆地充填沉积的沉积相特征,划分出3个超层序和12个三级层序,建立了层序地层格架。在此基础上编制以准层序为基本单位的富煤单元图和砂分散体系图,对研究区潮坪沉积体系煤聚积规律进行了分析。研究表明,潮坪沉积体系和陆表海条件下的聚煤作用有着密切的关系,在潮坪沉积体系中,砂体厚度与煤层厚度呈正相关关系。      

西藏它日错地区多巴组沉积环境及石油地质意义

西藏它日错地区是中特提斯的一个重要深坳陷区,发育了巨厚的下白垩统海陆交互相和浅海碳酸盐岩沉积,其中多巴组厚度超过了地５００ｍ,主要沉积相类型包括陆源碎屑湖坪相、碳酸盐浅海、水下浅滩,混合沉积过渡带等,在它日错一带形成坳陷中心,主要物源从南、西南方向进积,多巴组的烃源岩主要为浅海相地,向它划方向增多、加厚、有机质类型为混合型,可能的集集岩是浅滩相介壳灰岩、浅海相泥晶灰岩及潮坪相砂岩,裂隙是其主要的储集空间,而潮下带泥岩则可成为有利盖层,垂向上由于多旋回叠加,具有较好的生储盖盖组合,但所发现的烃源岩厚度较薄是其不利因素。     

Magnetostratigraphic Study of Meishan Permian-Triassic Section, Changxing, Zhejiang Province, China

INTRODUCTIONBecause many P/ T boundary sections around the worldare stratigraphically unconformed,som e possible exceptionsdeveloped in Greenland,Iran,Russia and South China are ofcourse of international importance.Especially successive sedi-ments from the L ate Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic widely ap-peared in South China,for example,the Meishan Section inChangxing County,Zhejiang Province,and som e analogies inGuangyuan,Wulong and Shangsi counties,Sichuan Province.Some geologists…     

Middle Triassic Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Paleogeography of South China

During the Middle Triassic a great turn took place in thedevelopment of sedim entary basin of South China.Followingthe final suture of Cathaysia block with Yangtze block (in-cluding the L ower Yangtze region) ,Yangtze block matchedcompletely the North China block (Yin et al.,1999) ,whilethe extensive Indosinian m ovementwreaked havoc in the east-ern Tethys.Then the sediments in the main part of SouthChina transformed gradually from marine to terrestrial.As aresult the most remarkable cha…     

Comparison of Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence with Conventional Techniques for the Analysis of Sedimentary Samples

A comparison is made of elemental analyses of sediment samples (lake bottom sediments and sediments from the petroliferous Bazhenovka Formation) by five competitive methods (synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF), INAA, ICP-MS, AAS and traditional XRF). The object of this study was to identify the most suitable analytical techniques for applications in sedimentary geochemistry. Advantages and shortcomings of the five techniques were considered with respect to applications related to studies of palaeo-climate changes recorded in sedimentary cores from Lake Baikal and the geochemical stratigraphy of the Bazhenovka Formation, which is rich in organic material. We have concluded that SR-XRF was the best technique for producing extensive analytical data series, from the point of view of its speed, ease of application, cost, non-destructive nature and sensitivity, which allowed for the simultaneous determination of more than twenty elements of geochemical interest in small samples of sediments. An additional benefit of the method was demonstrated when used for the independent certification of geological reference materials. International reference samples BIL-1 and SDO-1 were certified by means of this method without use of reference materials. Analyses were based on the physics of the theory of energy transport.     

江汉盆地潜江凹陷王场地区古近系潜江组沉积微相及其演变

潜江凹陷是一个中新生代断陷型盐湖盆地。其中蕴藏着丰富的石油、天然气和盐。在始新世晚期-渐新世早期潜江组沉积期,湖盆的构造活动和沉积充填作用极为活跃,形成了厚达4500 m的含盐岩系。通过对凹陷西北部王场地区王平1井、王云10-6井和王80-2井取心段共约151 m岩心的精细研究,在潜江组古盐湖韵律性含盐岩系中识别出17个典型的微相类型,并按成因与形成环境和岩类归纳为7个微相系列,对每个微相的特征与形成环境进行了分析。在潜江组淡化段中,沉积微相的纵向演变过程或组合类型复杂多变,总体上由潜四段至潜二段组成,湖盆的蒸发强度越来越大,水深越来越浅。最后,对潜江盐湖的形成条件和沉积环境演化进行了扼要分析。     

中国沉积盆地复杂性的表现形式及其成因剖析

本文从9个方面阐述了中国沉积盆地的复杂性,主要表现为:①数量多,规模小,分布广;②盆地类型多样;③多期盆地叠合和盆地复合现象普遍;④陆相沉积盆地的复杂性;⑤断层数量众多,活动强烈;⑥后期改造强烈;⑦岩浆活动频繁,分布广泛;⑧充填速率较快,沉积中心多有迁移;⑨地热场空间不均。在此基础上,对中国沉积盆地复杂性的成因进行了剖析,指出中国特殊的大地构造位置,陆块面积小、稳定性差,活动带规模大、活动性强,复杂的板块构造格局和构造演化历史是造成中国沉积盆地复杂性的根本原因,并造成了中国沉积盆地与众不同的油气赋存特征。      

从沉积到成岩两种截然不同的地质环境——吐哈盆地砂岩型铀矿研究实例

砂岩型铀矿床的形成既需要适当的沉积环境做准备, 又与成岩环境关系密切.通过宏观沉积学和泥岩元素地球化学分析探讨了吐哈盆地西南缘水西沟群的沉积介质环境, 利用砂岩样品的流体包裹体及激光拉曼光谱分析阐明了成岩环境.研究发现, 从沉积期到成岩期研究区的水西沟群具有2种截然不同的地质环境: 沉积期泥岩矿物中Sr/Ba比值小于0.3, B平均值为46.35×10-6, 同时具有淡水动物化石组合, 显示为温暖潮湿的贫氧、淡水介质环境, 但到成岩期却演化为具有有机质参与的中低温(156.1℃)、超盐度(7.4%)成岩环境, 现今环境(地下水盐度为7.8%)恰好与成岩环境相似.值得注意的是, 研究区铀成矿的年龄(104± 1)Ma、(24± 1)Ma、(7± 0)Ma与成岩期基本吻合, 表明具有有机质参与的中低温、超盐度环境也可能是砂岩型铀矿的成矿环境.