西安地铁四号线沿线地裂缝的灾害分析与对策研究

西安地裂缝是一种地区性的地质灾害现象。目前西安共发育有14条地裂缝。地铁四号线将穿越13条,给隧道施工造成了诸多考验。文章选取西安市地铁四号线沿线的地裂缝灾害作为研究对象。探讨了地裂缝对隧道工程的影响因素和致灾特点、以及相关的评估理论方法。最后针对地裂缝灾害特征以及工程特点提出若干防治措施,对于科学研究地裂缝的灾害特点、合理防治地裂缝的灾害发生具有一定的指导意义。     

南阳盆地新野县地裂缝现状分析

对南阳盆地新野县地裂缝发生的地质环境背景、发育现状、成因及防治对策进行了论证;确定膨胀土为引发地裂缝的主要因素;分析了膨胀土的分布规律、岩性特征、埋藏深度、土体性质及气象条件等因素;对膨胀势进行评价,判定为弱膨胀土,具蒙脱石含量较高,具高塑限、高液限,高收缩性的特点;并提出了地裂缝的防治对策。     

山区公路工程建设对地下水渗流的影响

分别就公路路堤、路堑、半挖半填等路基结构和隧道结构对周围岩土体的渗透性、渗流路径、地下水位等方面的影响进行了分析,以对公路工程建设对地下水环境的影响和与水文地质有关的灾害和损害的分析评价有所帮助。     

A Numerical Study on the Screening of Blast-Induced Waves for Reducing Ground Vibration

Blasting is often a necessary part of mining and construction operations, and is the most cost-effective way to break rock, but blasting generates both noise and ground vibration. In urban areas, noise and vibration have an environmental impact, and cause structural damage to nearby structures. Various wave-screening methods have been used for many years to reduce blast-induced ground vibration. However, these methods have not been quantitatively studied for their reduction effect of ground vibration. The present study focused on the quantitative assessment of the effectiveness in vibration reduction of line-drilling as a screening method using a numerical method. Two numerical methods were used to analyze the reduction effect toward ground vibration, namely, the “distinct element method” and the “non-linear hydrocode.” The distinct element method, by particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC 2D), was used for two-dimensional parametric analyses, and some cases of two-dimensional analyses were analyzed three-dimensionally using AUTODYN 3D, the program of the non-linear hydrocode. To analyze the screening effectiveness of line-drilling, parametric analyses were carried out under various conditions, with the spacing, diameter of drill holes, distance between the blasthole and line-drilling, and the number of rows of drill holes, including their arrangement, used as parameters. The screening effectiveness was assessed via a comparison of the vibration amplitude between cases both with and without screening. Also, the frequency distribution of ground motion of the two cases was investigated through fast Fourier transform (FFT), with the differences also examined. From our study, it was concluded that line-drilling as a screening method of blast-induced waves was considerably effective under certain design conditions. The design details for field application have also been proposed.     

苏锡常地区主要地质灾害及防治措施

自20世纪80年代初以来,苏锡常地区由于超量开采深层地下水,相继出现了地面沉降、地裂缝等地质灾害,已造成了大量的经济损失,成为影响本地区经济社会发展的重要制约因素。本文在分析苏锡常地区地质环境条件的基础上,总结出本地区地质灾害主要类型、分布特征以及形成条件等,并对人类活动可能遭受地质灾害的危险性进行分析,进而提出地质灾害的防治措施。     

某码头软黏土岸坡破坏机制分析及重建

在某吹填软黏土岸坡上修建码头时发生了较大规模的滑坡,待滑体稳定后采取了一系列的工程措施,实现了码头的重建。详细阐述了岸坡发生滑动的全过程,通过现场勘察和有限元模拟分析了岸坡发生滑动破坏的原因。分别考虑了打桩与交通荷载作用,导致地基土中产生超静孔压,从而对岸坡的稳定性造成影响。分析结果表明,岸坡发生失稳破坏是多种不利工况叠加的结果,其主要原因是在低潮位时的超挖引起的,打桩及交通荷载作用也是造成滑坡的不利因素。在破坏的岸坡上重建码头,采用了振动砂桩加固地基,同时在地表铺碎石垫层作为预压荷载,加速地基土的固结。有限元分析和码头的成功重建表明,使用砂桩加固地基可以同时达到提高地基承载力和加速土体排水固结的目的,对于码头的重建是有效的技术措施。     

Deformation analysis of geocell reinforcement using Winkler model

Geocell reinforcement has been increasingly applied to embankment engineerings. Deformation calculation is one of the major concerns during the design process. Using Winkler foundation model and with consideration of the interface resistance effect, a deformation control differential equation for the geocell reinforced mattress under the vertical symmetric loads is presented in this paper. The corresponding power-series semi analytic solutions for the displacements and the internal forces of geocell reinforcement are also presented. Furthermore, the influence factors such as loads, length and flexural rigidity of geocell reinforcement, coefficient of subgrade reaction and the interface resistance on the stress-deformation characteristic of geocell reinforcement are discussed. Finally, two examples are employed to verify the presented method. This study suggests that the effect of the interface resistance on the deformation of geocell reinforcement should be considered in engineering design.     

天津滨海新区地面沉降预测方法研究

利用1985～2008年天津地面沉降监测资料,以水准监测点为基本研究对象,在分析其时间沉降的变化动态基础上,采用分段权函数线性模型提取沉降信息并进行外推预测,展示了天津滨海新区地面沉降现状,编绘了2008年天津滨海新区地面沉降年度沉降分布图和2008～2013年间地面沉降总量的预测分布图研究成果可供政府及有关部门制定和实施控沉管理决策参考,同时对存在类似问题的区域也有一定的参考价值。     

西安市地裂缝对城市立交的破坏机理及防治措施

论述了西安地裂缝的空间分布规律和活动特点,并对地裂缝给西安市市政基础设施特别是城市立交带来的灾害进行了系统分析。以长安路立交、互助路立交、绕城高速长安南路立交的现场调查资料为依据,分析了地裂缝对城市立交的破坏模式。认为其结构的主要破坏模式为水平张拉和垂直错动。另外对穿越地裂缝的城市立交的减灾措施以及对拟建工程进行地裂缝专项勘察和采取的结构措施等方面进行了探讨。     

探地雷达空气回波特点与处理方法

探地雷达发射的电磁波在整个空间传播,存在空气中回波,空气中回波可分为以下3种：直达波、系统振铃、反射回波。直达波位于探地雷达记录的初期很小时间段,对识别地下介质反射影响不大,系统振铃和地表反射体的回波是探地雷达探地工作的主要干扰。空气中反射体的反射回波时距曲线一般有两种形式：双曲线型、线型。可以通过计算介质中电磁波波速来识别反射回波是空气中反射体形成的,还是地下介质反射形成的。应用水平背景移除、二维滤波可以有效滤除探测剖面中的水平和倾斜同向轴干扰信号;利用地下介质和空气中雷达波速进行偏移处理的资料进行对比解释可以有效提高解释的正确性。