三峡水库175m蓄水后库尾河段减淤调度控制指标研究

重庆主城区河段河道泥沙冲淤事关防洪、航运及码头作业等,是三峡水库泥沙问题的重点内容之一.本文依据原型观测资料,以三峡水库175 m试验性蓄水前后河段的泥沙冲淤规律为基础,结合河床组成分析和一维数学模型,计算提出河段悬移质泥沙走沙基本条件,并应用于减淤调度实践中.结果表明:①三峡水库175 m试验性蓄水后至2012年重庆...     

堤前远破波运动与冲淤形态

利用数值波浪水槽,对远破波作用下堤前波浪运动进行了数值模拟。分析了堤前速度场的变化,指出堤前波浪运动在一个波周期内可分为向堤波和离堤波。波浪在距堤约L/2处破碎后向堤冲击并沿堤面爬升,称为向堤波;波浪从堤面最高处回落与向堤波相遇并破碎,称为离堤波。堤前远破波的前半个周期的向堤波速度场大于后半个周期的离堤波速度场,且堤前波浪运动在一个波周期内的前半个周期和后半个周期完全不同。床面某点(L/4,3L/4)的速度在一个波浪周期内随时间呈向堤和离堤变化,向堤速度最大值大于离堤速度的最大值。利用堤前速度场的研究成果,进一步分析了远破波作用下堤前海床冲淤形成过程,完善了冲淤机理。     

神北矿区浅部煤层的赋存特征及影响因素

浅部煤层的赋存特征直接影响着综采面布设和开采。本文论述了神北矿区石圪台至大柳塔一带浅部煤厚变化特征,分析了其影响因素。      

澜沧江河道冲淤变化特征及发展趋势

文章根据20多年来澜沧江河道断面形态、来水来沙的实测资料,分析了冲淤变化特征及其与来沙系数的相互关系。还根据澜沧江天然来沙量的变化趋势,梯级开发后可能发生的来沙量变化,探讨了澜沧江河道冲淤变化的可能发展趋势     

厦门嵩屿电厂取水口附近海域冲淤变化分析

依据电厂取水口附近海岸线变化及海域水深测量数据，采用水下实测地形比较方法，分析电厂营运初期取水口附近海域冲淤变化。结果显示：海域淤积速度远远大于自然沉积环境下的淤积速度。进一步分析认为海岸线外移、码头及取水管等工程构筑物对海域流态影响、泥沙来源量增多、护岸滑坡及9914号强台风等因素是导致淤积加快的主要原因，并讨论了该海域减淤的若干措施。     

合肥至武汉铁路防洪评价淠河总干渠特大桥输水影响分析

铁路桥梁工程建设对河道堤防安全、河势稳定、输水安全、通航以及渠道治理规划等产生一定的影响。根据《中华人民共和国防洪法》、《中华人民共和国河道管理务例》和国家计委、水利部《河道管理范围内建设项目管理的有关规定》等法规,对河道管理范围内建设项目应进行防洪评价。本文概括介绍了合肥至武汉铁路跨越淠河总干渠特大桥基本情况,就桥梁建设对河道输水能力的影响作了分析评价。结果表明,铁路建设对河道输水能力影响较大,建议采取相应的补偿措施。     

冲淤河道水位预报模型及其应用

根据河流动力学基本方程,采用水文学与水-沙关系相结合的方法,建立了适用于不受回水顶托影响,以悬移质为主且水-沙关系良好的冲淤河道的水位预报模型,应用于渭河咸阳-华县河段,精度提高。     

黄河揭底冲刷现象的计算分析

黄河中游的高含沙洪水常常引起黄河的"揭河底"冲刷。通过对黄河"揭河底"现象的分析,建立了"揭河底"冲刷的物理模式,进而导出了"揭河底"冲刷的力学方程和临界水沙条件,其计算结果与实测"揭河底"冲刷的水沙条件相一致。通过该方程与水沙条件的分析,进一步验证了散粒体泥沙起动的流速公式。这两个公式的导出对研究高含沙洪水引起的河床演变以及泥沙起动规律具有重要的理论价值。     

On the correspondence between morphological and hydrodynamical patterns of groyne fields

This paper examines a variety of recirculation flow patterns that develop in the groyne fields on rivers. A comprehensive data set was obtained from flume experiments at Delft University of Technology and field measurements performed on the Elbe River in Germany. The analysis focuses on patterns of velocity, scour and deposition, and corresponding change of riverbed morphology. The results show that velocity patterns in the groyne fields depend mainly on the aspect ratio between groyne length and length of groyne field. When the aspect ratio is greater than 0·5, a one‐gyre pattern of recirculation develops, while at groyne fields with aspect ratios less than 0·5 a two‐gyre recirculation pattern emerges. The spatial distribution of fine‐sediment deposition between the groynes coincides with the locations of gyres. Moreover, the thickness of the fine‐sediment layer decreases toward the gyre margins where recirculation velocities are greatest. Although the total concentration of suspended sediment in the river does not change considerably as the flow moves through the groyne field, the biological and gravimetrical composition of the suspended material changes substantially within the groyne field. These changes are due to preferential deposition of coarse mineral particles and the replacement of those minerals with finer organic material. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental investigation on seismic behavior of scoured bridge pier with pile foundation

This study investigated the seismic performance and soil‐structure interaction of a scoured bridge models with pile foundation by shaking table tests using a biaxial laminar shear box. The bridge pier model with pile foundation comprised a lumped mass representing the superstructure, a steel pier, and a footing supported by a single aluminum pile within dry silica sand. End of the pile was fixed at the bottom of the shear box to simulate the scenario that the pile was embedded in a firm stratum of rock. The bridge pier model was subjected to one‐directional shakes, including white noise and earthquake records. The performance of the bridge pier model with pile foundation was discussed for different scoured conditions. It is found that the moment demand of pile increases with the increase of scoured depth whereas the moment demand of the bridge pier decreases, and this transition may induce the bridge failure mechanism transform from pier to pile. The seismic demand on scoured pile foundations may be underestimated and misinterpreted to a certain degree. When evaluating the system damping ratio with SSI, the system response may not be significantly changed even if the soil viscous damping contribution is varied. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.