Topographic and geomorphological features and tectogenesis of the southern section of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR) and its adjacent areas

The Philippine Sea is the largest marginal sea in the Western Pacific Ocean and is divided into two parts by the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR). The western part is the West Philippine Basin, and the eastern part consists of the Shikoku and Parece Vela basins. Based on surveyed data of massive high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data and sub-bottom profiles data collected from the southern section of the KPR from 2018 to 2021, this paper analyzes the topographic and geomorphological features, shallow sedimentary features, and tectonic genesis of the southern section of the KPR, obtaining the following conclusions. The southern section of the KPR has complex and rugged topography, with positive and negative topography alternatingly distributed and a maximum height difference of 4086 m. The slope of seamounts in this section generally exceeds 10° and is up to a maximum of 59°. All these contribute noticeably discontinuous topography. There are primarily nine geomorphological types in the southern section of the KPR, including seamounts, ridges, and intermontane valleys, etc. Among them, seven independent seamount groups are divided by five large troughs, forming an overall geomorphological pattern of seven abyssal seamount groups and five troughs. This reflects the geomorphological features of a deep oceanic ridge. Intramontane basins and intermontane valleys in the southern section of the KPR are covered by evenly thick sediments. In contrast, sediments in ridges and seamounts in this section are thin or even missing, with slumps developing locally. Therefore, the sediments are discontinuous and unevenly developed. The KPR formed under the control of tectonism such as volcanic activities and plate movements. In addition, exogenic forces such as underflow scouring and sedimentation also play a certain role in shaping seafloor landforms in the KPR.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

基于随机行动者模型的全球科学合作网络演化研究

在知识经济时代,国家（地区）之间的科学合作日益频繁,科学活动的全球化和网络化特征越来越突出。国家（地区）间的合作不仅仅取决于双边的关系特征,还受到网络内生的结构效应影响。基于2000—2019年国家（地区）间的科学论文数据,本文采用社会网络分析方法和随机行动者模型,探讨全球科学合作网络的演化态势与影响机理。研究发现：① 全球科学合作网络规模日益扩大,凝聚性不断增强,具有明显的小世界性和部分的无标度特征,呈现去中心化的趋势。② 全球科学合作网络的拓扑结构呈现等级层次式与分布式并存的组织特征,中国逐渐从边缘向中心靠近,网络结构由美国单核演变为中美双核。③ 回归结果表明以传递性和择优连接为主的结构内生性是网络演化的首要驱动因素,以地理邻近性和认知邻近性为代表的国家（地区）间邻近性是网络演化的关键影响因子,国家（地区）规模也是促进合作网络演化的重要因素。与此同时,本文还发现传递性、地理邻近性、认知邻近性和国家（地区）规模的重要性日益提高,择优连接性对网络演化的影响逐渐减弱。     

Fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the utilization of marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction: Bridging the gaps between science and policy

Marine genetic resources are a subject of a growing body of research and development activities, as demonstrated by the abundance of marine patented genes reported in GenBank. Given the lack of a comprehensive legal regime for the management of marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction, the General Assembly of the United Nations met in 2006 to discuss whether there are regulatory or governance gaps and how to address them. Besides the crystallization of the different political positions, the process is now advancing towards making a decision about whether to develop an international instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity, within which the regulation of access to genetic resources and the sharing of benefits from their utilization has emerged as an in-dissociable issue. In order to propose concrete options to be considered for the establishment of a legal framework addressing these issues, policy-makers need to better understand the feasibility, the costs and the modalities of scientific activities undertaken, together with the actual level of commercialization of new products. They also need to be aware of the already advanced practices in place within the scientific community, especially regarding sharing of non-monetary benefits. This paper particularly highlights and discusses practical scenarios to advance in the international process, based on the approaches adopted in other regional and international regimes for the management of genetic resources and on the best practices developed within the scientific community.     

大陆科学深孔取心钻进技术述评

文章介绍了目前世界上大陆科学深钻项目中采用的典型的取心钻进技术及其应用效果,提出了评价科学深钻取心技术的准则,即施工安全性、取心效果、施工效率和施工成本。根据这些准则对目前世界上主要的科学深钻取心技术进行了评价并得出结论：孔底马达/液动锤/金刚石钻进/提钻取心方法是最好的深孔取心钻进方法。     

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目WFSD-3孔泥浆技术的设计与应用

汶川科钻WFSD-3孔钻遇地层极其复杂,硬脆碎地层与强水敏性等地层交替出现,给钻进施工带来极大安全隐患。针对该孔特殊地层情况,以孔壁稳定性理论分析为指导,在室内实验研究的基础上,优选出NH4-HPAN、K—PAM、SAS和KHm等抑制剂组成的泥浆体系配方,并结合室内FA无渗透实验以及ZNP-01页岩膨胀性实验对该泥浆配方进行封堵性和抑制性评价,提出了新型泥浆体系,并得以良好应用。还对现场应用遇到的泥浆粘度与切力控制、钻头防泥包技术以及钻水泥塞钙侵处理技术等进行归纳总结,对复杂地层钻进施工具有较好的借鉴意义。     

海绵城市建设有关问题讨论

海绵城市建设目前已成为众多行业和科技领域的讨论热点之一,也面临众多争议,海绵城市建设的内涵、目标、内容和效果等均存在不同认识。针对中国城镇化过程中面临的主要水问题,结合参与海绵城市试点建设评审、考察以及对国外海绵城市的调研情况,从城市水文过程的角度,系统解析了海绵城市的概念,就海绵城市建设的目标与指标、建设功能与发展方向、城市地下排蓄系统、建设管理体制等若干问题展开了讨论。核心观点认为,海绵城市是对中国城市水系统的综合治理,也是城市人居环境的重构,功能综合是海绵城市建设成功的前提,海绵城市的建设应以河湖水系为核心,需要流域和城市的整体规划设计,海绵城市建设应该基于多部门、跨行业的优势互补、合作交叉,按照整体规划、系统布局的方式协同推进。     

中国东部海区科学钻探施工技术探讨

东部海区科学钻探工程是我国海洋地质研究中的一项重要工程,施工环境复杂,钻探施工难度大。根据地质预测和环境条件,针对实际情况,分析海上钻探施工的难点,提出了钻孔结构、钻进工艺、取心方法、冲洗液使用等方面的技术方案思路,以指导和保障钻探施工。     

13000 m科学超深井钻探技术

对国内外科学钻探实践进行了简要回顾,对超万米科学钻探工程面临的技术难题进行了分类描述。在此基础上,考虑沉积岩和结晶岩2种地层条件,提出了13000 m科学超深井的钻探技术方案。     

大口径空气钻进工艺在大陆科学钻探中的应用

云南腾冲火山-地热-构造带科学钻探工程钻遇多期火山喷发地层,地层空、渣、砂、漏等复杂情况严重。介绍了该复杂火山地层大口径空气钻进钻具、设备配套及施工工艺措施,对类似地层工程钻探施工有一定的借鉴意义。     

梁山县保增长保红线的几点做法

为落实最严格的耕地保护制度和节约用地制度,梁山县国土资源局从2009年3月开始开展了保增长保红线行动,通过积极主动服务,拓展建设用地空间,严格执法监管,全面推进国土资源工作的有序开展,保障了全县经济社会的科学发展跨越发展。