改进单组CEI基线对卫星定轨精度的影响研究

短基线相位干涉测量是一种被动测角卫星定轨跟踪方法,测量精度高。利用该方法采用单组正交双基线对静地卫星的定轨精度进行了仿真计算,并分别采用物理延长东西基线和东西基线阵列两种方法来考察对卫星定轨精度的改进情况。仿真结果表明,物理延长东西基线可以显著提高定轨精度;若星下点与跟踪网相距较远,则东西向基线阵列可显著提高定轨精度,且该方法对我国北斗卫星群的整体定轨效果很好,能进行几十米级的定轨。     

天绘一号卫星无地面控制点摄影测量关键技术及其发展历程

本文介绍了天绘一号卫星立项前的预先研究和试验工作、摄影测量研究历程框架以及关键的学术思想。EFP多功能光束法平差结果表明:无地面控制点目标定位精度达到工程技术指标,并与美国SRTM相对精度相当。此外,笔者还简要地介绍了国外主要传输型卫星无地面控制点摄影测量历程。     

卫星重力测量的应用进展

介绍了CHAMP、GRACE和GOCE三颗重力卫星,评述了卫星重力数据在恢复地球重力场模型,测定陆地水储量变化,研究大地水准面变化、弹性厚度、地壳厚度,地震前后重力场的变化、地壳运动等方面的应用,以及一系列卓有成效的研究成果,认为卫星重力探测技术相对传统的重力测量具有得天独厚的优势,将会有更大的应用空间。     

Earth gravity field recovered from CHAMP science orbit and accelerometer data

IntroductionSince the launch of man-made satellite early in1957 ,the research for satellite gravity has beentaken a wide attentioninfield of geodesy .Early ,the ground-based satellite tracking has providedan observational data set which has been used tode…     

IMPROVING THE EFFECT OF GREENING ON HEAT ISLAND IN URBAN RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS BASED ON REMOTE SENSING AND GIS ANALYSIS

Analyzing the thermal distribution on plane conditions objectively is difficult due to lack of enough meteorological observation stations within urban residential areas. In this paper satellite observations synchronous or quasi-synchronous with ground observations are adopted, and a teleconnection model is built between the satellite spectral and surface temperature for quantitative retrieval of temperature. Furthermore, by combining the satellite data with other multiple factors, a GIS comprehensive analysis model and a functional evaluation method for urban residential districts are established, which are used to study the relation between the air temperature and media characteristics on ground as well as the greening cooling effect in recent years in Shanghai. The results show that the air temperature in greened urban residential districts is generally lower than the average temperature and much less than the highest one. In general, the average air temperature in the greened area is at most 1.19℃ lower than the maximum temperature in the districts, which is 0.67℃ and 0.55℃ lower than that of the highest for buildings and roads respectively. The temperature is inversely proportional with greening fraction but is directly proportional with the ratio of roads and buildings. The higher the greening fraction in internal residential districts, the lower the temperature, and the higher the ratio of road and building is, the higher the temperature.     

Balanced earth satellite orbits

An analytic model for third-body perturbations and for the second zonal harmonic of the central body's gravitational field is presented. A simplified version of this model applied to the Earth-Moon-Sun system indicates the existence of high-altitude and highly-inclined orbits with their apsides in the equator plane, for which the apsidal as well as the nodal motion ceases. For special positions of the node, secular changes of eccentricity and inclination disappear too (balanced orbits). For an ascending node at vernal equinox, the inclination of balanced orbits is 94.56°, for a node at autumnal equinox 85.44°, independent of the eccentricity of the orbit. For a node perpendicular to the equinox, there exist circular balanced orbits at 90° inclination. By slightly adjusting the initial inclination as suggested by the simplified model, orbits can be found — calculated by the full model or by different methods — that show only minor variations in eccentricity, inclination, argument of perigee, and longitude of the ascending node for 10⁵ revolutions and more. Orbits near the unstable equilibria at 94.56° and 85.44° inclination show very long periodic librations and oscillations between retrogade and prograde motion.Retired from IBM Vienna Software Development Laboratory.     

遥感卫星的防震减灾应用研究

整理了遥感卫星的发展历程和发展趋势,总结了目前国内外遥感卫星的特点、卫星遥感数据的现状及其应用于防震减灾领域的前景。在此基础上,研究卫星遥感应用于防震减灾的优势、面临的困难和目前的现状,并深入分析了卫星遥感数据应用于汶川地震救灾的成就和不足。最后对进一步推动卫星遥感的防震减灾应用展开了分析和讨论。     

基于小波分析辅助GPS-IR反演土壤湿度研究

GPS-IR是一种基于卫星反射信号的新的遥感技术,利用SNR观测值中的卫星反射信号可实现土壤湿度的反演。针对卫星反射信号分离问题,提出一种基于小波分析的卫星反射信号分离新方法。实验表明,采用小波分析能够针对不同卫星的信噪比观测值作出相应变化,有效分离卫星直射信号,获取更加准确的卫星反射信号;采用线性回归模型能够很好地表示相对延迟相位与土壤湿度之间的相关性,通过小波分析获取的结果相对于低阶多项式结果有明显提高。     

利用卫星高度计风速资料研究海面粗糙度

海面粗糙度对于海洋工程和海洋军事都非常重要,但对海面粗糙度的现场观测资料非常少, 这大大制约了对海面粗糙度的认识。利用 TOPEX 高度计风速资料实现了对海面粗糙度的反演,并利用 1993 年和1998 年两年的资料对西北太平洋海域的海面粗糙度进行了研究。