川西新场须二段致密砂岩储层甜点类型及成因机制

川西新场地区上三叠统须家河组二段（须二段）天然气资源丰富,砂体大面积发育,储层孔渗较低,甜点成因复杂。为了阐明新场须二段甜点类型及成因,以芯观察、薄片分析、微米CT、阴极发光等多技术手段,在对储层岩石学、孔喉特征、有效裂缝特征等分析基础上,对甜点进行分类。新场须二段主要发育基质孔隙型、断缝型、层理缝型等3种甜点类型,不同类型甜点形成原因存在差异。强水动力条件下形成的高能分流河道、富石英砂岩是基质型甜点形成基础,在相对较弱的压实及胶结作用、较强的溶蚀作用下易形成基质型甜点;在靠近大型断层的基质孔渗较好部位易发育断缝型甜点;层理缝型甜点分布规模较小,不同类型层理界面处颗粒粒度、组分存在差异,发生差异成岩作用,形成力学薄弱面。新场须二段甜点发育受沉积、成岩及构造非均质性控制,对甜点类型的成因分析,有利于对甜点进行分类评价。     

辽宁大连地区中-新元古界砂岩盐风化穴的发现及意义

A small honeycomb tafoni was found on the surface of the Meso-Neoproterozoic sandstone in Wafangdian area, Dalian, Liaoning Province. It is located on the surface of the northwest side of the outcrop sandstone layer. On the top surface of the sandstone layer and on the east and south sides, the tafoni was not developed. The whole tafoni is round or oval, with a diameter of 1-5cm and a depth of 1-2cm. Through field observation and comparative analysis, it is determined that it is the salt weathering tafoni. It is formed by the precipitation and crystallization of salt from sea fog in sandstone, which causes the detrital particles on the rock surface to fall off and weathering.     

万福煤矿不同含水率砂岩蠕变力学特性试验研究

为研究深部巷道围岩在地下水作用下的长期蠕变力学特性,采用自主研制的深部软岩五联流变试验系统,开展不同含水率(0%、0.8%、1.6%、2.4%、3.3%)下砂岩吸水软化单轴压缩试验及单轴蠕变试验。通过试验结果研究表明：砂岩的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量和蠕变破坏应力与含水率呈指数下降关系,蠕变破坏应力与单轴抗压强度的比值在0.76～0.84之间;砂岩衰减蠕变阶段时间随着含水率的增加而减少,随应力水平的增加而增加。径向应变比轴向应变先进入稳态蠕变阶段,破坏应力下径向应变的加速蠕变阶段开始时间要先于轴向应变;基于稳态蠕变速率曲线确定了砂岩的长期强度,径向稳态蠕变速率确定的值略小于轴向,长期强度与含水率之间满足负指数关系;将蠕变试验中径向应变与轴向应变之比定义为μ_c,提出了基于μ_c值的岩石长期强度确定方法且μ_c值与含水率无关,对于本次砂岩样品可以认为μ_c值大于0.3时样品会在一定时间内发生加速蠕变破坏;随着含水率的增加,样品破坏形态由单斜面剪切破坏逐渐演变至X状共轭斜面剪切破坏。研究结果为地下水作用下巷道长期稳...     

碳封存砂岩储层的孔隙迂曲度分形特征研究

目前“双碳”减排的背景下,砂岩咸水层是最具潜力的二氧化碳封存介质,其孔隙结构特征决定了流体的运移及封存效率,对其进行研究具有重要的科学意义。分形维数常用于定量表征砂岩孔隙结构在三维空间中的分布规律,但以往对砂岩孔隙迂曲度分形特征进行研究时,多依赖于孔隙率、平均孔隙半径、平均迂曲度等特征值计算分形维数,并不能很好的反映岩石孔隙排列分布及孔隙连接的非均质性。文章将砂岩孔隙结构概化为具有迂曲度的毛细管,首先通过核磁共振成像（MRI）技术获取岩石片层图像,以盒维数法获得孔径分布分形维数;随后以孔径分布分形维数为目标值,结合不同迂曲度下的毛细管数量与孔径的分形标量关系,迭代计算迂曲度分形维数。与传统的分形维数计算方法相比,该研究确定的迂曲度分形维数更能体现岩石内部不同孔隙排列方式引起的迂曲度差异。     

内蒙古东胜地区砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素特征和成因模型

砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成对研究成矿机制具有重要的理论和实践意义。前人在成矿流体来源定性判断方面做了大量的研究工作,但缺乏对成矿混合流体的组分特征及相关参数的定量认识。根据内蒙古东胜地区东南部皂火壕和西北部纳岭沟铀矿床赋矿地层直罗组方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成特征,建立了渗出热卤水和渗入地层水两种不同流体混合生成方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成定量成因模型,并研究了两种流体来源、溶解碳的浓度比、流体比例以及热液温度等综合因素。除少数样品方解石胶结物为地层沉积时形成外,大部分方解石胶结物是热卤水与地层水两种流体混合作用的结果,古生界有机酸脱羧作用导致热卤水中富含CO_2。东胜地区砂岩型铀矿成矿流体地层水与热卤水比例为0.5～0.9,地层水所占的比例较大;热卤水与地层水溶解碳浓度比主要范围为1.5～5.0,部分大于10.0,热卤水中溶解碳浓度较高,是富含CO_2的流体。混合流体温度分为两个主要范围55～80℃、90～140℃,结合古盐度和盐度指数反演,表明成矿流体为有机与无机混合成因的低温热液流体。用砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成,可定量模拟两种流体溶解碳浓度比、流体比例和方解石形成时温度等流体成矿条件,解释碳酸盐胶结物成因,以便从成矿流体角度更好地理解成矿作用过程。     

内蒙古东胜地区砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素特征和成因模型

砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成对研究成矿机制具有重要的理论和实践意义。前人在成矿流体来源定性判断方面做了大量的研究工作,但缺乏对成矿混合流体的组分特征及相关参数的定量认识。根据内蒙古东胜地区东南部皂火壕和西北部纳岭沟铀矿床赋矿地层直罗组方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成特征,建立了渗出热卤水和渗入地层水两种不同流体混合生成方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成定量成因模型,并研究了两种流体来源、溶解碳的浓度比、流体比例以及热液温度等综合因素。除少数样品方解石胶结物为地层沉积时形成外,大部分方解石胶结物是热卤水与地层水两种流体混合作用的结果,古生界有机酸脱羧作用导致热卤水中富含CO2。东胜地区砂岩型铀矿成矿流体地层水与热卤水比例为0.5~0.9,地层水所占的比例较大;热卤水与地层水溶解碳浓度比主要范围为1.5~5.0,部分大于10.0,热卤水中溶解碳浓度较高,是富含CO2的流体。混合流体温度分为两个主要范围55~80℃、90~140℃,结合古盐度和盐度指数反演,表明成矿流体为有机与无机混合成因的低温热液流体。用砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成,可定量模拟两种流体溶解碳浓度比、流体比例和方解石形成时温度等流体成矿条件,解释碳酸盐胶结物成因,以便从成矿流体角度更好地理解成矿作用过程。     

鄂尔多斯盆地樊学油区长8砂岩裂缝平面展布及控制因素

裂缝发育程度及其平面展布是影响低孔特低渗储层有效、高效注水开发的关键。鄂尔多斯盆地樊学油区长8油藏及周边油藏投产油井存在砂岩裂缝发育区含水上升快、裂缝侧向油井水驱开发效率低等问题。本文基于岩心、声电成像测井资料标定常规测井资料,选取特征参数构建裂缝识别综合指数,实现樊学油区长8储层中砂岩裂缝的识别。依据识别结果绘制砂岩裂缝平面展布图,进而结合区域构造应力场及沉积特征分析裂缝发育的控制因素及其对生产开发的影响。研究表明,基底断裂中生代以来的重新活动控制了樊学油区裂缝的形成与展布,裂缝优势展布方位为北北西向和北东东向,砂岩裂缝的发育程度受区域构造应力场、砂体厚度以及岩层组合等因素影响。裂缝发育区油井具有初产高、产量递减快的特点,因此,在实际生产开发中,需要选择合适的注采井网,尽量采用大井距、小排距的方式提高驱油效率。上述认识为油藏开发部署提供一定的参考。     

Bentheimer sandstone revisited for experimental purposes

Bentheimer sandstone outcrop samples are ideal for laboratory studies due to their lateral continuity and block scale homogeneous nature. Over the years they have been used to investigate reservoir topics ranging from passive and active properties of oil/gas/water/rock interaction and processes to flow and transport.This work shows an evaluation of Bentheimer sandstone properties and their characteristics to advance understanding on the mineral accessory and the physical and electrical transport properties. On the basis of the nature of depositional environments and diagenesis, we measure and characterize spatial attributes of the matrix, mainly by qualitative analysis, laboratory and stereological measurements and statistical 2D/3D reconstructions. The main contribution of this paper is the impact of mineral composition on the petrophysical quality and block scale homogeneity of the reservoir. With 3D techniques reconstructions of the new rock grain framework pore structures have been created.Based on measurements, a review of literature data and interpretation of variation between the outcrops and flow relevant parameters, we conclude that Bentheimer sandstone is a rock that shows constant mineralogy and is largely free of paramagnetic impurities. In accordance with the results of 3D reconstructions techniques and in line with the depositional settings, they show a well sorted grain framework and a pore network that can be used to calculate the permeability and resistivity without conducting any direct laboratory measurements of either parameter. It presents a porosity with a range of 0.21–0.27 and permeabilities varying between 0.52 and 3.02 Darcy. Based on our work and literature, it is found that high permeability together with similar distribution of pore throats and bodies make the sandstone an attractive and easy obtainable candidate for comparative experimental studies. Moreover, we state by comparing various techniques that the efficiency and resolution accuracy of the applied method must be taken into consideration when planning the measurements.     

Permeability in Rotliegend gas sandstones to gas and brine as predicted from NMR,mercury injection and image analysis

Permeability characterisation of low permeability, clay-rich gas sandstones is part of production forecasting and reservoir management. The physically based Kozeny (1927) equation linking permeability with porosity and pore size is derived for a porous medium with a homogeneous pore size, whereas the pore sizes in tight sandstones can range from nm to μm. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) transverse relaxation was used to estimate a pore size distribution for 63 samples of Rotliegend sandstone. The surface relaxation parameter required to relate NMR to pore size is estimated by combination of NMR and mercury injection data. To estimate which pores control permeability to gas, gas permeability was calculated for each pore size increment by using the Kozeny equation. Permeability to brine is modelled by assuming a bound water layer on the mineral pore interface. The measured brine permeabilities are lower than predicted based on bound water alone for these illite rich samples. Based on the fibrous textures of illite as visible in electron microscopy we speculate that these may contribute to a lower brine permeability.