Relationships between texture and mechanical properties of hybrid rocks from the Jaala–Iitti complex, southeastern Finland

The relationships between petrographical and mechanical properties of rock aggregate raw materials from the hybridised, subvolcanic Jaala–Iitti complex, southeastern Finland, were investigated. Petrography was quantified from polished thin sections with a polarising microscope to determine the modal composition and grain size distribution, and resistance to fragmentation and abrasion were determined. Abundance of fine-grained minerals (especially of hornblende), fine grain size-dominated grain size distribution, uniform spatial dispersion of hornblende crystals, and intense micrographic intergrowth texture with interlocking grain boundaries were found to have the greatest positive influence on the mechanical properties. The results showed the potentiality of hybridised rocks as raw materials for high quality aggregates that can resist fragmentation and abrasion.     

塔里木盆地志留系沥青砂岩的特性及其成因

采用有机岩石学和有机地球化学相结合的方法,详细研究了塔里木盆地志留系沥青砂岩的特征及其成因。色质分析表明,志留系沥青砂岩含高的三环二萜烷且以Ｃ２３为主峰,与石炭系源岩不同,γ 蜡烷含量不高,代表藻类生源的β 胡萝卜烷含量较高,且具高孕甾烷、高重排甾烷的特征,反映沥青砂岩油源来自下古生界。有机岩石学研究表明,由于沥青砂岩含可溶性物质甚高,其油浸反射率（Ｒｂ为０２７％～０３６％）不能反映其真实成熟度,水浸反射率（Ｒｗ为１３５％～１５３％）与上下地层成熟度相吻合,排除了沥青砂岩“新生古储”的可能性。碳同位素分析结果进一步证实沥青砂岩源自下古生界的生油岩,是早古生代古油藏遭受后期构造破坏的结果。     

Tectonic Setting of the Permo-Triassic Chiang Khong Volcanic Rocks, Northern Thailand Based on Petrochemical Characteristics

The inferred Permo-Triassic Chiang Khong volcanic belt is composed of felsic to mafic volcanic rocks and their pyroclastic equivalents. Almost all the least-altered mafic volcanic rocks are lava flows; a few might have occurred as dykes. These mafic volcanic rocks are non-foliated to weakly foliated, and mostly have porphyritic textures. The phenocrysts/microphenocrysts in porphyritic samples are commonly plagioclase, and may include clinopyroxene, olivine, Fe-Ti oxide, apatite and amphibole. The matrix of lava flows ranges texturally from felty to trachytic but a few samples show felty to ophitic/subophitic, and glassy textures, whereas that of possible dyke samples is holocrystalline. The primary matrix constituents are largely plagioclase and variable proportions of clinopyroxene, Fe-Ti oxide, amphibole, olivine, apatite, quartz, alkali feldspar and/or glass. All the studied samples have been subjected to greenschist-facies regional metamorphism. Chemically, the samples show narrow ranges of least-mobile incompatible-element ratios and range compositionally from dacite to basalt of tholeiitic series. These samples are chemically analogous to those of the Tertiary andesite from Sardinian Rift, Sardinia, Italy, particularly in terms of least-mobile incompatible-element ratios. Accordingly, the studied mafic volcanic rocks are interpreted to have formed in a continental volcanic arc. However, the problem related to the geometry of plate convergence, giving rise to the continental volcanic arc, still exists.     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷幔源CO2充注对下白垩统砂岩储层质量的影响

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷下白垩统含片钠铝石砂岩部分记录了幔源CO_2-砂岩相互作用历史.为揭示幔源CO_2充注对储层质量的影响,通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜观察和孔隙度、渗透率数据研究了海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石学和储层特征.幔源CO_2的充注导致了长石的部分溶解和片钠铝石及铁白云石的沉淀.长石的溶解形成了次生孔隙.片钠铝石以针状晶形为特征,其集合体呈束状、簇状、扇状和玫瑰花状.部分片钠铝石呈板状.片钠铝石以充填孔隙为主,少量交代长石和其他骨架碎屑颗粒.片钠铝石局部被铁白云石交代,说明铁白云石的形成晚于片钠铝石.片钠铝石的含量为1%～20%.相同深度段的含片钠铝石砂岩(n=597,h=1309.15～2140.71m)与普通砂岩(n=1550,h=1323.72～2141.3m)的孔隙度、渗透率数据统计表明,含片钠铝石砂岩的物性整体上低于普通砂岩,说明CO_2的充注导致了储层质量的改变.片钠铝石含量-孔隙度和片钠铝石含量-渗透率之间的关系,揭示片钠铝石含量是引起储层质量改变的主要因素.片钠铝石含量10%似乎是储层质量发生变化的界限,当片钠铝石含量＞10%,随片钠铝石含量增加,砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率降低;当片钠铝石含量＜10%,随片钠铝石含量增加,部分砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率表现出增加趋势.作者认为,片钠铝石含量高的砂岩长期处于高CO_2分压成岩环境,而片钠铝石含量低的砂岩则处于高CO_2分压成岩环境的时间相对较短.     

致密砂岩多期裂缝形成机制及定量表征研究进展

致密砂岩油气是重要的非常规资源,裂缝作为主要渗流通道,其本身分布规律的复杂性以及多期发育和多期充填的特征,直接影响着裂缝预测的精度,目前尚缺乏一套全面解决构造裂缝定量预测的系统方法。因此,需要深入探讨多期裂缝的识别、充填过程和形成—叠加演化机制,建立合理的裂缝表征模型,以定量预测裂缝参数分布范围。在大量文献调研的基础上,本文认为致密储层裂缝研究主要涉及三个关键方向:通过野外露头和岩心观察,分析裂缝发育特征,结合构造演化和流体包裹体分析,确定裂缝发育期次;通过热液充填模拟实验和岩石力学实验,揭示裂缝充填机制,及其在多期应力作用下裂缝的萌生、扩展和叠加过程;采用实验统计方法,基于能量守恒定理和最大应变能密度理论,建立考虑裂缝差异充填的各向异性强度破裂准则,建立裂缝参数的定量表征模型。最终,本文形成和完善了致密砂岩多期裂缝演化及量化表征的理论体系,为此类油气田的勘探开发提供重要科学依据。     

皖南花山锑金矿床硫化物电子探针分析及其指示意义

花山锑金矿床位于皖南东至县境内, 是皖南地区代表性金-多金属矿床之一。 本次工作对花山锑金矿床开展了野外地质、岩相学特征观察以及金属硫化物电子探针分析, 得到以下结论：1） 花山锑金矿床主要成矿阶段可分为毒砂-黄铁矿（PyⅠ）阶段、黄铜矿-黄铁矿 （PyⅡ）阶段和方解石-辉锑矿阶段。 2） 金在不同阶段硫化物中均有赋存, 其矿化伴随整个热液成矿过程, 且以毒砂-PyⅠ阶段和黄铜矿-PyⅡ阶段为主。 毒砂-PyⅠ阶段和黄铜矿-PyⅡ阶段发育金矿化, 无锑矿化, 方解石-辉锑矿阶段发育锑、金共生矿化。 3） 早阶段即毒砂 -PyⅠ阶段和黄铜矿-PyⅡ阶段载金矿物为黄铁矿、毒砂及黄铜矿, 成矿物质来源以地层为 主;晚阶段即方解石-辉锑矿阶段载金矿物为辉锑矿, 成矿物质来源以燕山期岩浆岩为主。 本次工作对东至及皖南地区金矿床的寻找勘探具有重要的指示意义。     

胜利油田博兴洼陷沙三段高青砂岩体沉积模式研究

为了预测砂体分布规律与岩性圈闭有利区带,指导下一步勘探,采用微观组分特征、岩石结构、粒度分布特征和沉积微相分析等方法,分析研究了高青砂岩体的沉积模式。研究表明,高青砂岩体的沉积微相有水下分流河道、河口砂坝、前缘席状砂沉积、砂泥互层沉积、前扇三角洲深水湖泊沉积。砂岩体的沉积模式分为三种：下部（G3）属（扇）三角洲水下部分沉积,中部（G2）属三角洲水下部分沉积,但湖泊中心和沉积中心进一步向南东方向迁移,上部（G1）与中部相似,但水下主分流河道以向南南东方向展布为主。根据高青砂体所处的构造位置及砂体与围岩的相互关系,确定了砂岩体的沉积环境为扇三角洲前缘与前扇三角洲。     

Statistical analysis of granophyric intergrowths in the Main Hill Arkasani Granophyre Pluton, eastern India

The Main Hill Arkasani Granophyre Pluton (MAG), a product of Proterozoic intraplate acid magmatic activity, represents an anatectic melt of the enveloping rocks of dominantly pelitic composition with subordinate trondhjemitic gneiss and basic rocks. Petrography, chemistry, correlation between compositional attributes, areal variation of volume percent granophyric intergrowth, and varimax rotated factor analysis of compositional attributes of these rocks suggest that in the MAG pluton, plagioclase phenocrysts and biotite crystallized first, followed by change of level of emplacement of the magma when the groundmass started crystallizing at a rapid rate. The rapid growth of quartz and alkali feldspar crystallizing from the residual melt gave rise to the ubiquitous granophyric intergrowth in the late stage of crystallization. The alkali-rich residual liquid tended to concentrate toward the margin of the pluton where there is a profusion of granophyric intergrowths.     

河北平泉南梁岩体的岩石学研究

南梁岩体主要由斑状花岗岩、流纹斑岩、花斑岩及流纹质角砾熔岩组成。侵位时代为侏罗—白垩纪。岩石属钙碱性系列。斜长石的成分及有序度呈双峰型分布。条纹长石为交代成因。锆英石的标型特征表明岩石结晶作用经历了两个阶段。岩石结晶的温度在780°—1000℃之间。侵位深度<1km。南梁岩体是花岗—流纹岩型的次火山岩,可能是安山岩浆结晶分异的产物。     

新疆伽师砂岩型铜矿地质特征及找矿标志

新疆伽师砂岩型铜矿区位于塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪古生代前陆盆地西南,北部以哈拉峻-阿合奇断裂为界,与南天山晚古生代陆缘盆地相邻,是塔里木北缘的一个陆内海盆。砂岩铜矿赋存于一套主要由褐红色-红色砂岩、粉砂岩、砂质泥岩及泥岩组成的红色砂岩建造中,其中夹有浅灰色砂岩层,铜矿化即发育于浅灰色砂岩中。含矿层长3km,厚4-6m,共发现有3条矿体。其中Ⅰ号矿体长650m,厚2．21～5．13m,平均厚度3．93m,Ⅱ号矿体长190m,厚2-4m;Ⅲ号矿体长100m,平均厚度3．37m。通过对矿区的地层、构造,铜矿体的规模、形态、产状的分析认为,古近系的浅灰色钙质砂岩为找矿的最有利层位;孔雀石化的含岩屑钙质细砂岩转石是找矿的直接标志;膏岩建造一般位于含矿层的底部,石膏层为明显的找矿标志。