空隙特征对砂岩水致劣化规律的影响

针对南京秦淮东河开挖后的稳定性问题,选取黄马青组（T2h）砂岩为研究对象,对砂岩在吸水-干燥循环条件下的单轴抗压、抗拉特性进行试验研究。考虑到未来边坡运营过程中水的影响,试验时分别考虑自然吸水和饱和吸水两种情况。根据试验结果对所研究砂岩的空隙特征、水致劣化特征和劣化机制进行了详细分析。随着吸水-干燥循环次数增加,岩石的抗压、抗拉强度和凝聚力均呈劣化趋势,说明循环次数的增加对岩石的损伤有累积作用。岩石自然吸水条件下（小开空隙未进水时）强度和弹性模量下降速度较慢,而饱和吸水条件下（开空隙被水充满时）强度和弹性模量下降速度较快,表明岩石中小开空隙对岩石的劣化效果显著。微观结构分析结果表明,随着吸水-干燥循环次数增加,岩石中空隙率增大。结合抗剪强度特征分析认为,干-湿循环导致岩石的黏结强度不断下降,而摩擦强度变化较小,表明黏结强度劣化是岩石水致劣化的主要原因,干-湿循环导致水-岩反应,岩石颗粒胶结物发生松散,边缘发生开裂,宏观上表现为岩石劣化。该研究成果对于新开挖河道边坡稳定性分析具有较大的参考价值,为河岸边坡的长期稳定性分析提供了依据。     

珠江口盆地惠州地区珠江组砂体上倾尖灭的地质-地球物理“逐级预测”方法

砂体上倾尖灭油气藏是岩性油气藏中重要类型之一,砂体上倾尖灭的刻画与描述是上倾尖灭圈闭有效性评价的关键。在以三角洲前缘沉积为主构成的三级层序内,三角洲沉积相关砂体上倾尖灭的地质-地球物理“逐级预测”描述方法对于认识上倾尖灭油气藏分布规律及其油气勘探具有重要意义。该方法由5个部分组成:在三级层序识别的基础上,运用高精度层序地层划分技术建立了四级层序构成的高频层序地层格架;在高频层序约束下,利用地震沉积学技术描述沉积相的平面分布;在地质模型指导下,利用频谱成像技术定性确定尖灭带的分布;利用相控储层反演半定量、定量预测砂体尖灭线;根据不同成因砂体的沉积特点,利用正演模拟技术开展尖灭线的外推预测。     

Applications of Light Stable Isotopes(C,O, H) in the Study of Sandstone Diagenesis: A Review

This article reviews the applications of light stable isotope, including carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, in thestudies on origin and formation temperature of authigenic carbonate, quartz and clay minerals. Theoretical knowledge andanalytical methods for major light stable isotopes are introduced in detail. Negative and positive δ¹³C values indicatesignificant differences on the origin of carbonate cements. The δ¹⁸O value is an effective palaeotemperature scale forauthigenic minerals formation. Various fractionation equations between δ¹⁸O and temperature are proposed for carbonatecements, quartz cements and clay minerals, whose merit and demerit, applicable conditions are clarified clearly. Clumpedisotope analysis can reconstruct the temperature of carbonate precipitation with no requirement on the δ¹⁸O of initial waters,which makes temperature calculation of carbonate cements formation more convenient and accurate. Hydrogen and oxygenisotopes mainly reflect the origin of diagenetic fluid for clay mineral formation, providing reliable evidence for diageneticenvironment analysis. This work aims at helping researchers for better understanding the applications of light stable isotopein sandstone diagenesis.     

Final Closure Time of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean: Implication from the Provenance Transformation from the Yangjiagou Formation to Lujiatun Formation in the Jiutai Area,NE China

The Jiutai area is tectonically situated at the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB) and is close to the North China Craton(NCC) to the south, serving as an ideal place to investigations of the closure of the PaleoAsian Ocean(PAO). Sandstone samples collected from the Yangjiagou Formation and the Lujiatun Formation in this area have been studied in detail in terms of petrology, geochronology and geochemistry. The maximum depositional time of the Yangjiagou and Lujiatun formations has been constrained to early Middle Triassic(ca. 245 Ma) and middle Late Triassic(ca. 219 Ma), respectively. The Yangjiagou Formation, with a major provenance of dissected island arcs, is dominantly composed of Phanerozoic sediments from Northeastern China(NE China) massifs. The Lujiatun Formation, with major sediments from active continental margins, has a relatively larger proportion of Precambrian sediments, in which the ～1.85 Ga and ～2.5 Ga sediments are typical of the crystalline basements of the NCC and NE China massifs, which were uplifted and eroded during the closure of the PAO. Besides, both formations show the enrichment in LREEs and the depletion in HREEs, the common Eu negative anomalies, and trace element contents similar to that of the upper continental crust. Based on the provenance analysis of these two formations, the final closure time of the PAO in this area is constrained as from the early Middle Triassic(ca. 245 Ma) to the middle Late Triassic(ca. 219 Ma).     

鄂尔多斯盆地塔然高勒地区直罗组上、下段的岩性-岩相特征及对铀成矿的差异性控制作用

为查明鄂尔多斯盆地塔然高勒地区直罗组上段、下段的岩性-岩相特征以及参与蚀变作用的流体强度差异,开展了系统的岩心观察、剖面对比,并结合黏土矿物、碳氧同位素和U、Th元素等手段进行分析。结果表明,研究区南部直罗组上段主要由灰绿色、红色泥岩夹透镜状红色、黄色、灰绿色砂岩组成,北部主要由红色泥岩与灰绿色砂岩构成,南北部下段均由灰白色、灰绿色砂岩或砂砾岩夹薄层泥岩组成。直罗组红色砂岩为原生沉积,灰绿色砂岩为后生改造类型;上段受含氧含铀水和深部还原性流体作用强度较下段变弱,且由北向南作用程度降低,北部还原蚀变岩石与原生岩石共存,南部基本保留原生岩石;下段则受流体改造更为充分,主体为后生蚀变岩石。直罗组不同类型砂体的展布兼受沉积相和后期流体双重作用,但强弱差异性明显,限制了铀矿化产出在直罗组下段砂体中的定位,因此,上、下段应作为不同的成矿体系讨论。     

High resolution facies architecture and digital outcrop modeling of the Sandakan formation sandstone reservoir,Borneo:Implications for reservoir characterization and flow simulation

Advances in photogrammetry have eased the acquisition of high-resolution digital information from outcrops, enabling faster, non-destructive data capturing and improved reservoir modeling. Geocellular models for flow dynamics with in the virtual outcrop in siliciclastic deposits at different sets of sandstone facies architecture remain, however, a challenge. Digital maps of bedding, lithological contrast, spatial-temporal variations of bedding and permeability characteristics make it more easy to understand flow tortuosity in a particular architecture. An ability to precisely model these properties can improve reservoir characterization and flow modeling at different scales. Here we demonstrate the construction of realistic 2 D sandstone facies based models for a pragmatic simulation of flow dynamics using a combination of digital point clouds dataset acquired from LiDAR and field investigation of the Sandakan Formation, Sabah, Borneo.Additionally, we present methods for enhancing the accuracy of outcrop digital datasets for producing high resolution flow simulation. A well-exposed outcrop from the Sandakan Formation, Sabah, northwest Borneo having a lateral extent of 750 m was chosen in order to implement our research approach. Sandstone facies and its connectivity are well constrained by outcrop observations, data from air-permeability measurements, bilinear interpolation of permeability, grid construction and water vector analysis for flow dynamics.These proportions were then enumerated in terms of static digital outcrop model(DOM) and facies model based on sandstone facies bedding characteristics. Flow simulation of water vector analysis through each of the four sandstone facies types show persistent spatial correlation of permeability that align with either cross-bedded orientation or straight with more dispersion high quality sandstone(porosity 21.25%-41.2%and permeability 1265.20-5986.25 mD) and moderate quality sandstone(porosity 10.44%-28.75% and permeability 21.44-1023.33 mD). Whereas, in more heterolithic sandstone(wavy-to flaser-bedded and bioturbated sandstone), lateral variations in permeability show spatially non-correlated patterns over centimeters to tens of meters with mostly of low quality sandstone(porosity 3.4%-12.31% and permeability < 1 mD to 3.21 mD). These variations reflect the lateral juxtaposition in flow dynamics. It has also been resulted that the vertical connectivity and heterogeneities in terms of flow are mostly pragmatic due to the interconnected sandstone rather than the quality of sandstone.     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20140890 Bai Ru(National Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China);Zhang Jingong Characteristics of Pore Character and Its Controls of Chang 6Reservoir of Zhiluo Oilfield(Journal of Northwest University,ISSN1000-274X,CN61-1072/N,     

松辽盆地南部月亮泡地区萨尔图油层Ⅰ砂组沉积微相研究及有利区带预测

应用录井、测井、地质和地震资料,研究了松辽盆地南部月亮泡地区上白垩统姚家组萨尔图油层Ⅰ砂组的沉积微相,并采用沿层地震属性分析技术,分析了河道砂体的展布特征,利用拟合分析进行验证,结果表明萨尔图油层Ⅰ砂组沉积相为三角洲前缘亚相,其微相类型有水下分流河道、河口坝和分流间湾,已有的勘探成果也证实水下分流河道砂体是油气的有利聚集区,结合构造发育情况,预测了松辽盆地南部月亮泡地区构造岩性油气藏勘探的有利区带     

鄂尔多斯盆地镇北地区长3储层微观非均质性的实验分析

油气储层的微观非均质性特征是储层地质学研究的重要内容之一。本文的目的是研究鄂尔多斯盆地镇北地区长3储层微观非均质性特征,研究方法是利用真实砂岩微观模型实验。通过实验发现鄂尔多斯盆地镇北地区长3和储层为致密型砂岩,真实砂岩微观模型实验直观地显示出鄂尔多斯盆地镇北地区长3储层具有很强的微观非均质性,砂岩的成岩作用和孔隙结构是影响本区长3储层微观非均质性的主要原因。在低渗透砂岩中,溶蚀作用引起砂岩产生强烈的非均质性,而这些砂岩则形成长3储层的高渗带。