基于表层岩土渗透对三峡井网井水位降雨影响的精准分析

为研究三峡井网表层岩土渗透对井水位降雨的影响,采取井区表层岩土垂向渗透性测试方法试验,测得表层岩土垂向渗透性,并建立数学模型,用于降雨渗入补给分析。在此模型基础上,通过三峡井网8口井水位、气象三要素的对比观测资料对井水位日动态、月动态、年动态的影响进行精准分析与验证。结果表明:这种影响的特征是相当复杂的,同一个降雨过程在不同井上产生的影响特征不同,这一方面可能与各井的水文地质条件不同有关,另一方面可能还与各井点的降雨过程的差异也有关。     

松潘-平武地震前地震视应变场的时空演变

利用松潘-平武周边地区的地震资料研究了1970-1975年该地区地震视应变场的分布和时空变化特征。结果表明,地震视应变的时空变化与松潘-平武强震具有很好的对应关系,1970年在附近就出现异常区,并且地震视应变总体上逐年增加,地震就发生在地震视应变异常区。     

Damaging properties of ground motions and prediction of maximum response of structures based on momentary energy response

Dynamic damaging potential of ground motions must be evaluated by the response behaviour of structures, and it is necessary to indicate what properties of ground motions are most appropriate for evaluation. For that purpose, the behaviour of energy input process and hysteretic energy dissipation are investigated in this study. It is found that the momentary input energy that is an index for the intensity of input energy is related to the characteristics of earthquakes such as cyclic or impulsive, and to the response displacement of structures immediately. On the basis of these results, a procedure is proposed to predict inelastic response displacement of structures by corresponding earthquake input energy to structural dissipated damping and hysteretic energy. In this procedure the earthquake response of structures is recognized as an input and dissipation process of energy, and therefore structural properties and damaging properties of ground motions can be taken into account more generally. Lastly, the studies of the pseudodynamic loading test of reinforced concrete structure specimens subjected to ground motions with different time duration are shown. The purpose of this test is to estimate the damaging properties of ground motions and the accuracy of the proposed prediction procedure. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pattern of spatial variability in granulometric and mineralogical characteristics across an ecologically sensitive sub-tropical wetland (Bihar,India)

Floodplain wetlands are dynamic systems undergoing frequent hydro-sedimentological changes. Tropical/subtropical wetlands have even more pronounced climatic and biological influences on the sediment dynamics. In the current study, a protected subtropical wetland in Bihar(India) has been assessed for its sedimentary and mineralogical status. Sediment characteristics and associated granulometric parameters are discussed to highlight the wetland’s hydrogeomorphic character, energy dimension, and th...     

Grain‐Size Characteristics of Dune Networks in China's Tengger Desert

Grain‐size characteristics of dune networks in the Tengger Desert of northwestern China were investigated. Grain‐size parameters (mean, standard deviation, skew, and kurtosis) were determined on dune surfaces at windward toe, stoss, crest and leeward toe locations. Multiple discriminant analyses were applied to distinguish deposition environments. Results indicated that the aeolian sediment is mainly composed of very fine and fine sand in the dune networks of the Tengger Desert. Sorting improves as grain size becomes finer. However, the relationships between mean grain size, skew, and kurtosis vary in space. There is a negative relationship between skew and sorting; similarly, the relationships between sorting and skew, and skew and kurtosis change in space. The sediment deposition environment includes aeolian sediment and lacustrine sediment. The lacustrine sediment provides the source material for dune windward toe and stoss formation and development, but the aeolian sediment provides the source material for dune crest and leeward toe formation and development. According to the log‐probability of grain size distributions, aeolian sediments in dune networks are composed of two distinct saltation populations.     

An overview of the spatial patterns of land surface processes over arid and semiarid regions

With data from the project Collaborative Observation of Semi-arid/Arid Regions in North China, collected during July and September 2008, the spatial patterns of land surface processes over arid and semiarid regions have been investigated based on the ordinary Kriging interpolation approach. Generally, for the radiation processes, downward and upward short-wave radiation have a uniformly increasing trend with latitude, but the spatial patterns of long-wave radiation present notable regional differences: both upward and downward long-wave radiation increase with latitude in the west of North China, while in the east they vary inversely with latitude, suggesting surface temperature and clouds respectively have feedbacks to the long-wave radiation in the west and east of North China. The surface net radiation basically has a negative latitudinal trend. Long-wave radiation budget plays an important role in the spatial pattern of surface net radiation, particularly in the east of North China, although short-wave radiation budget largely determines the magnitude of surface net radiation. For the energy processes, latent and sensible heat flux varies conversely with latitude: more available land surface energy is consumed by evaporating soil water at lower latitudes while more is used for heating the atmosphere at higher latitudes. A soil heat flux maximum and minimum are found in Loess Plateau and Qinghai Plateau respectively, and a maximum is seen in the northeast China.     

金刚石碎岩工具胎体材料添加稀土元素的试验研究

对胎体材料中添加稀土元素问题进行了试验研究。对添加稀土和未加稀土的胎体性能进行测试，结果表明，添加稀土比未加稀土的胎体材料的抗弯强度、硬度和冲击韧性均有所提高，其中抗弯强度提高了10％－62％，冲击韧性提高了5％。胎体中添加稀土对提高胎体和金刚石碎岩工具的技术经济指标具有重要作用,并且为在胎体材料中实现以Fe代Co创造了有利条件。     

能源盆地沉积学及其前沿科学问题

赋存油、气、煤和（或）铀能源矿产的沉积盆地,称为能源盆地。沉积作用及建造是影响油气煤铀同盆共存、成藏及分布的重要因素和物质基础。能源等沉积矿产及其形成,是沉积学的重要组成部分。通过讨论能源盆地沉积建造与油气煤铀赋存成藏及分布的内在联系,提出成煤建造在盆地演化和空间分布上,总体处于成油气建造和成铀建造的过渡、衔接部位和承前启后的演化阶段。并探讨了厚煤层的初始成煤物质来源与成因,蚀源区物源对盆地沉积建造、油气储层和铀成矿的重要影响。分析认为当前存在重先进技术观测测试,轻露头区精细剖析的倾向;对后期改造的影响程度和原盆古沉积面貌恢复的水平尚需重视和提高。能源盆地沉积学内涵的自然外延领域广阔,与之相关的前沿科学问题颇多。应将沉积学置于盆地形成演化和改造的时空过程中,兼顾地球环境和生物演变进程,进行整体、动态、综合研究。重点讨论了其中部分相关前沿科学问题,如:沉积盆地动力学、地球环境及生命演变对沉积和成矿作用的影响、有机与无机相互作用对能源矿产形成的影响、事件沉积学及深部作用与成矿作用的关联、能源矿产空间分区性及偏富极形成的沉积学环境、沉积建造和沉积矿产年代学等。     

农业气象灾害影响评估和防御技术研究进展

为解决我国16亿人口的食物安全问题,最根本的措施是进行一次新的农业科技革命,依靠科技创新使农业生产力水平实现质的飞跃,开展农业气象灾害的影响评估和防御技术研究,提高其技术水平,便是一项必不可少的措施之一。为此,通过对农业气象灾害影响评估的分析,找出其相应防御技术和措施。     

沉积岩中蒙脱石-伊利石混层矿物的SEM/EDAX分析

本文利用扫描电子显微镜与X射线能量色散分析联合法,对沉积岩中蒙脱石-伊利石混层矿物进行系统微区成分分析,求出混合层中伊利石的百分含量。