开鲁盆地陆东凹陷九佛堂组沉积相及有利砂体分布

为研究开鲁盆地陆东凹陷交力格地区九佛堂组层序格架下沉积特征和有利砂体的分布, 采用灰色关联分析法求取综合评价因子RQI对有利储集相带进行预测, 明确了九佛堂组沉积演化过程中不同沉积体系的动态变化及沉积相展布. 通过层序界面、体系域界面识别将地层划分为低位域、湖浸域、高位域. 在体系域内近岸堆积-半深湖和扇三角洲-滨浅湖两套沉积体系交替发育. 低位域末期-湖浸域时期扇三角洲主要发育前缘相带. 通过岩相特征、地震相特征、单井精细刻画等手段共识别8种不同沉积微相. 对沉积相展布特征进行了详细刻画, 并将储层划分为3类, 其中扇三角洲前缘内牵引流成因砂体形成的储层最好, 近岸堆积及前缘根部泥石流、洪流成因砂体形成的储层最差. 此结果可为研究区进一步勘探开发提供依据.     

南海北部深水区荔湾凹陷构造演化及其石油地质意义

荔湾凹陷北与白云凹陷相邻,南与双峰盆地（南海西北次海盆）相接,发育于洋陆过渡边界,具有独特的结构构造特征。选取荔湾凹陷为研究对象,在3D地震资料解释的基础上,以断裂特征分析厘定凹陷性质、构造古地貌恢复解析凹陷结构,进而指出古地貌恢复和构造演化对油气勘探的影响。研究获得三方面的创新性认识：①荔湾凹陷为洋陆过渡壳上发育的断坳,断坳作用占主导地位;②32Ma的底辟作用将荔湾凹陷改造为“四洼三凸”的构造格局,恩平组沉积期凹陷北部是一个连通的洼陷;③恩平组沉积期连通洼陷的古地貌有利于三角洲（烃源岩）的发育,背斜型圈闭的定型受控于32Ma的底辟作用,是荔湾凹陷油气勘探的有利目标。     

基于细粒岩石类型对玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组烃源岩分类评价

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油勘探取得巨大突破,但是按照普遍认可的页岩油烃源岩评价标准,本区的烃源岩品质并不理想。为了科学评价玛湖凹陷烃源岩品质特征,本文在系统的岩心观察和有机地球化学分析的基础上,揭示烃源岩的形成环境,并按照矿物组成对烃源岩分类评价。玛湖凹陷风城组细粒岩主要沉积于正常半深湖、咸化半深湖、半咸化半深湖、含热液半深湖和滨浅湖环境中,各环境中细粒岩的有机质特征存在一定区别,其中半咸化半深湖有机质较为富集,w(TOC)均值在1%左右。进一步结合有机质类型判别图解,表明咸化半深湖和含热液半深湖有机质来源以湖泊生物为主,而其他环境中存在湖泊和陆源混合有机质来源。基于有机质生烃潜力评价和成熟度(V_re=0.74%)估算,表明目前风城组烃源岩中有机质正处于大量排烃的成熟阶段,且确定了细粒岩中的烃类为原生烃。由于不同矿物组成的烃源岩吸附能力的差异,按照陆相泥质烃源岩和碳酸盐质烃源岩开展分类评价,结果表明风城组沉积了累计厚度近250 m的的有效烃源岩,且富含以藻类体为主的有机质。     

内蒙古乌里雅斯太凹陷南洼槽坡折带粗砾斜坡扇沉积特征

斜坡扇沉积属重力流事件沉积,在我国陆相断陷湖盆中也有发育,是一种重要的相类型.针对乌里雅斯太凹陷南洼槽东部坡折带发育一套厚度大、粒级粗和相变快的砾岩体,通过精细的岩心观察,结合测井、3D地震,以及岩石分析资料等,认为该砾岩体应属于低位体系域重力流成因机制的斜坡扇沉积,并论述了研究区内的斜坡扇相带的划分,分析了其平面的相分布特征,建立了该研究区沉积相模式,为研究区岩性油气藏的进一步勘探开发提供了依据.     

伸展盆地复杂断块运动学平面复原--以渤海湾盆地廓坊-固安断陷为例

本文选取廊固凹陷为例,利用平面恢复方法,研究伸展盆地断块平面运动特征。根据大兴断层的分段性,将研究区分为3个区块：西南区,中区以及东北区,又根据研究区的断块旋转特征,将中区分为中北区以及中南区。每个区块的断块运动差异性很大。通过对廊固凹陷古近系的断块进行构造平面恢复,发现其平面运动具有以下特征：西南区,断块主要以顺时针旋转,位移方向为东南—西北; 中区,中南区断块主要以顺时针旋转,中北区主要以逆时针旋转,位移方向为西北—东南,中间位移量最大,向东北及西南端位移量逐渐减小; 东北区,除沙二段外,断块主要受桐柏镇断裂影响以逆时针旋转,位移方向为近似南—北。其中东北区和西南区的位移方向相似,且与中区的位移方向相反,猜测与主控断层大兴断层的分段性有关。中区的中南部断块主要以顺时针旋转,而中北部断块主要以逆时针旋转,由于中区主应力集中在凹陷中间,向两端应力逐渐减小,导致应力作用不平衡。     

Chemical effects of a near-to-nature detention pond on a small urban headwater

The near-to-nature approach has been established as best practice for stormwater management. However, pollutant mobility within such systems and its impact on small receiving waters are partly unexplained. The study takes place in an urbanised headwater catchment in south-western Germany with an area of 0.4 km². Runoff from roofs, roads, parking lots and gardens is collected in wells or trenches and stored in private and public dry detention basins. Accordingly, this study investigates pollutant input to a detention pond, removal efficiency and the associated effects on the receiving water.Grab samples with high temporal resolution of the receiving water (16 flood events with 315 samples and 41 baseflow samples), the three inflows of the detention basin and its outflow (four flood events with 64 samples) were taken. The outflow of the dry pond is recovered in the hydro- and chemographs of the receiving water. Runoff from roads with increased traffic volume caused the highest PAH inputs and runoff from the residential area showed the highest zinc concentrations, which partly infringe European Environmental Quality Standards. Yearly pollutant inputs (DOC, TSS, PAH, nutrients, metals) from the settlement into the tributary are reduced in the detention pond by up to 80%.     

Urban stormwater thermal gene expression models for protection of sensitive receiving streams

Thermal impact of typical high‐density residential, industrial, and commercial land uses is a major concern for the health of aquatic life in urban watersheds, especially in smaller, cold, and cool‐water streams. This is the first study of its kind that provides simple easy‐to‐use equations, developed using gene expression programming (GEP) that can guide the assessment and the design of urban stormwater management systems to protect thermally sensitive receiving streams. We developed 3 GEP models using data collected during 3 years (2009–2011) from 4 urban catchments; the first GEP model predicts event mean temperature at the inlet of the pond; the second model predicts the stormwater temperature at the outlet of the pond; and the third model predicts the temperature of the stormwater after flowing through a cooling trench and before discharging to the receiving stream. The new models have high correlation coefficients of 0.90–0.94 and low prediction uncertainty of less than 4% of the median value of the predicted runoff temperatures. Sensitivity analysis shows that climatic factors have the highest influence on the thermal enrichment followed by the catchment characteristics and the key design variables of the stormwater pond and the cooling trench. The general method presented here is easily transferable to other regions of the world (but not necessarily the exact equations developed here); also through sensitivity and parametric analysis, we gained insight on the key factors and their relative importance in modelling thermal enrichment of urban stromwater runoff.     

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷梧桐沟组层序地层划分

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系梧桐沟组作为一套重要的储集岩,具有良好的油气成藏前景,但对其层序划分及地层沉积样式的认识一直存在争议。在构造背景分析的基础上,结合岩芯、测井及地震资料,对研究区梧桐沟组层序地层划分及地层沉积样式研究表明,梧桐沟组沉积时期构造强度较弱,地形较为平缓,地层在全区稳定分布;中晚二叠世盆地发生造山运动,吉木萨尔凹陷东南边缘区域经过构造抬升,上部地层遭受不同程度的剥蚀,形成了现今"底平顶削"的地层样式。以凹陷中部少数地层保存较全的井的地层叠加样式分析为基础,通过井-震结合识别不同类型界面,特别是最大湖泛面,建立了区域层序地层格架,即梧桐沟组为一个完整的长期基准面旋回(三级层序),并在其内部识别出5个中期旋回。梧桐沟组地层在不同的层序发育时期表现出不同的旋回叠加样式:下段沉积时期,即最大湖泛面以下,随着可容纳空间的增大,地层表现为明显的退积叠加样式;上段沉积时期,即最大湖泛面以上,随着可容纳空间的减小,地层表现为明显的进积叠加样式,符合沉积物体积分配原理。     

东海丽水-椒江凹陷构造样式与含油气远景

丽水-椒江凹陷位于东海陆架盆地台北坳陷西部,其沉降过程经历了裂陷期、坳陷期、抬升期及区域沉降期4个阶段。盆地构造样式复杂,具有半地堑-地堑式结构并存、频繁变化等特征,断裂构造发育,主要有铲式、坡坪式、多米诺式、"Y"型、阶梯状、地垒和地堑等断裂构造组合。构造活动有效控制油气圈闭的形成,灵峰构造带(潜山构造带)、丽水西次凹中央反转背斜构造带、丽水西次凹屋脊断块构造带、椒江凹陷中部断块半背斜构造带为该区未来勘探的有利区带。     

厦门同安西柯对虾养殖池的细菌数量动态

本文研究了对虾养成期间养殖池生态系中细菌的数量动态,探讨其变化规律与虾病的关系。结果表明,总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌在水体、底质和虾体中的数量变化各异。在水体各菌数与其环境因子的关系中,除了总菌数与COD存在着正相关外,其它的不存在相关性。虾体的总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌的数量（以细胞计）可以用来预报虾病,三者的阅值分别为107个　／g（湿重）、105个／g（湿重）和104介／g（湿重）。通过对对虾的细菌学跟踪监测,可以及时采取有效的应急防治措施。