黄河河口“一水三流”行河方式研究

通过阐述黄河河口入海流路运用方式研究的必要性,对已有行河方式优缺点进行分析,并提出了“一水三流”行河方式,其主要工程措施包括:西河口附近清水沟主槽内修建橡胶坝形成水库、库区修建连接刁口河与十八户的分流闸、两条备用流路引河开挖和主河槽开挖等。分析提出该工程的主要功能包括:减轻防洪压力,并有利于河道整治工程施工;减少河道占用面积,有利于三角洲经济和社会发展;有利于水资源的合理利用和调配;有利于生态环境保护;有利于莱州湾生态整治示范工程实施;对通航无不利影响。同时,也提出了需要进一步研究的问题:河口来水来沙情势研究、莱州湾开发方案研究、“一水三流”运用方式研究、治理方案可行性研究。     

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Research into Exploitation and Application of Three Sorts of Unconventional Nonmetal Resources

In this paper the authors introduce their past years' study results about the exploitation and application of three sorts of nontraditional nonmetal minerals. In this research, the main aspects and techniques of basic study for the exploitation and application are summarized, and some key science and technological problems are proposed as the objects of their future research.     

Dynamic systems with high damping rubber: Nonlinear behaviour and linear approximation

High damping rubber (HDR) shows a quite complex constitutive behaviour, which is nonlinear with respect to strain and is dependent on the strain rate. In addition, it exhibits a transient response during which the material properties change (scragging or more generally the Mullins effect). A number of recent works were dedicated to analysing and modelling material behaviour. This paper studies the nonlinear dynamics of systems with restoring force produced by HDR‐based devices in order to propose a procedure to define equivalent linear models considering both transient and stationary behaviours. The reliability of these linear models is tested by evaluating the upper and lower bounds of the seismic response of a structural system equipped with HDR‐based devices (structural system with dissipative bracings and isolated systems). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic analysis method of a combined energy dissipation system and its experimental verification

A combined energy dissipation system is developed in this paper. In this system lead rubber dampers and their parallel connection with oil dampers are used in the braces of a structural frame. A dynamic analysis method of the system, including the modelling of the lead rubber damper and the oil damper, is proposed. In the analysis method, the restoring force characterestics of the lead rubber damper is simulated by the Bouc–Wen hysteretic model, and the behaviour of the oil damper is simulated by a velocity and displacement‐related model in which the contributions of the oil damper to the damping force and stiffness of the system are considered. A series of shaking table tests of a three‐storey steel frame with the combined energy dissipation system are carried out to evaluate the performance of the system and to verify the analysis method. The test and analysis show that the performance of the combined energy dissipation system is quite satisfactory and there is a good agreement between the analysis and test results, which indicates that the analysis method proposed in this paper is valid and suitable for the dynamic analysis of the combined energy dissipation system. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

System identification on the seismic behavior of an isolated bridge

Seismic isolation devices and technology have been developed in the last two decades and the first seismic‐isolated bridge, Bai‐Ho Bridge, in Taiwan was completed in 1999. This bridge was equipped with a seismic monitoring system under the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (TSMIP). On 22 October 1999, a moderate earthquake took place and struck the bridge. The seismic monitoring sensors were normally triggered and produced an intact time history for the health monitoring of the bridge system. The data set provided valuable records about the seismic response of the isolation bridge structure. This paper uses this data to explore the vibration mechanism of Bai‐Ho Bridge. The analysis includes (1) the global dynamic behavior identification and (2) the local component mechanism of the bridge such as the LRB and boundary condition between the deck and the abutments. Both the EMD+HHT method and the non‐linear parametric model were used to identify the model of the bridge structure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

TRENDS IN THE URBANIZATION PROCESS

Matthiessen, Christian Wichmann: Trends in the urbanization process. The Copenhagen case. Geografisk Tidsskrift 80: 98–101. Copenhagen, June 1980.

Within the framework of the international comparative research project (Cost of Urban Growth) new trends in urban development have recently been observed. The object of this article is to discuss the trends and give impirical evidence on Danish data.     

Simulating land use for protecting food crop areas in northeast Thailand using GIS and Dyna-CLUE

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Land use in the northeast region of Thailand has changed dramatically in the past two decades. These changes are mainly due to the government policies, which...     

夹层橡胶垫耗能低剪力墙承载力分析

本文针对低剪力墙结构延性差、耗能能力差、结构抗震性能较差等问题，提出夹层橡胶垫耗能低剪力墙结构，并对其承载力情况进行分析，结果表明，耗能墙的减震效果随夹层橡胶垫初始刚度值的增大而减小。当夹层橡胶垫的初始刚度选取范围为同截面整体墙初始刚度的0．5％—70％，其对应的周期范围为0．3—3．1s，层间剪力降低26％—98％。