古尔班通古特沙漠风沙地貌研究进展评述

古尔班通古特沙漠是中国最大的固定、半固定沙漠,也是中国境内受西风环流影响最明显的沙漠之一.本文简介古尔班通古特沙漠风沙地貌的研究历史,综述区域风况和输沙势特征、主要沙丘类型分布格局、风沙物质来源、沙丘粒度特征、沙漠环境演变和纵向沙垄发育模式以及现代沙丘动态变化等方面的研究进展,指出研究中存在的问题并展望未来研究方向.     

胶结充填体-顶板系统稳定性研究

在胶结充填采矿法中,胶结充填体弹性系数和其不接顶高度是空区顶板安全的重要影响因素。基于柔性支护原理,把顶板变形分为两个阶段：顶板在覆岩自重应力作用下产生挠曲变形;顶板与胶结充填体接触后共同承载顶板覆岩自重应力;并据此分别建立了力学模型。以广西盘龙铅锌矿为工程分析实例,研究在不同胶结充填体弹性系数和不接顶高度条件下顶板挠度的变化规律。结果表明：当胶结充填体弹性系数k≥0.1 GN/m3时,不接顶高度h是影响顶板挠度的主要因素,当胶结充填体弹性系数k较小时,弹性系数k是影响顶板挠度的主要因素;当k≥0.1 GN/m3且h≤300 mm时,胶结充填体能有效控制顶板岩层移动和降低储存在其中的应变能。现场勘探结果与理论计算基本吻合,验证了研究成果的可靠性。     

Structure-soil-structure interaction of adjacent buildings subjected to seismic loading

The problem of the through-soil coupling of structures has puzzled the researchers in the field for a long while, especially regarding the varied performance of identical, adjacent buildings in earthquakes. The phenomenon of structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) that has often been overlooked is recently being recognized: The possible effects in urban regions are yet to be thoroughly quantified. In this respect, the goal of this work was to rigorously investigate the interacting effects of adjacent buildings in a two-dimensional setting. Detailed finite element models of 5-, 15-, and 30-story structures, realistically designed, were used in forming building clusters on the viscoelastic half-space. Perfectly matched layers were used to properly define the half-space boundaries. The interaction of the structure and the soil medium because of the presence of spatially varying ground motion on the boundary of excavated region was considered. The effects of the foundation material and the distance between adjacent buildings on the structural behavior of the neighboring buildings were investigated using drift ratios and base shear quantities as the engineering demand parameters of interest. The effects of SSSI, first investigated in the frequency domain, was then quantified in the time domain using suites of appropriate ground motions in accordance with the soil conditions, and the results were compared with the counterpart SSI solution of a single building. The results showed that, for identical low-rise structures, the effects of SSSI were negligible. Yet, neglecting SSSI for neighboring closely spaced high-rise structures or building clusters with a large stiffness contrast was shown to lead to a considerable underestimation of the true seismic demands even compared with solutions obtained using the rigid base assumption.     

Roof Shale Flora of Coal Seam 6 from the Asselian（Lower Permian）Taiyuan Formation of the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia and Its Ecostratigraphic Significance

Roof shale floras help understand the transition of vegetational landscapes from a peat–forming environment to a clastic one, but are seldom investigated in the Cathaysian province(typical present day China and East Asia). Here the roof shale flora of Coal Seam 6 from the lower Permian Taiyuan Formation of the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, is systematically described and its ecostratigraphic and phytogeographic implications are discussed. The flora is composed of seven plant groups, including Lepidodendrales, Medullosales, Gigantopteridales, Peltaspermales, Noeggerathiales, Cordaitales and Cycadales. Many of these taxa are also documented in Euramerica, and the floral composition indicates a more intimate relationship between Cathaysia and Euramerica during the Cisuralian than previously thought. However, there are few genera and species in common with those of the underlying peat–forming flora. Moreover, the flora is hardly comparable with the commonly known flora of the Taiyuan Formation. Such assemblage differences are very likely due to changes of taphonomic and environmental phases, rather than evolutionary floral succession. For a full and more precise understanding of the floral composition, succession and the floristic discrepancy in different depositional environments, an ecostratigraphic investigation on the Late Palaeozoic of Cathaysia is advocated.     

Seasonal changes in phytoplankton densities in four North Island lakes, 1973–74

In a 1973–74 survey of preserved phytoplankton from Lakes Rotoiti, Rotoehu, Rotoma and Waikaremoana, 205 algal taxa (including 111 Chlorophyta, 56 Chrysophyta, 17 Cyanophyta, 16 Pyrrhophyta, and 5 Euglenophyta) were found. The greatest number of species was found in Lake Rotoehu, but monthly maxima based on cell counts were usually greater in Lake Rotoiti. A summer bloom of the toxic blue‐green alga Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae occurred in Lake Rotoehu. Each lake had its own pattern of dominance. Surface and subsurface samples showed marked differences in species composition and abundance. Diatoms were important winter and spring components, with desmids forming conspicuous subordinates. Cemtium hirundinella was prominent in subsurface layers of Lakes Rotoma and Waikaremoana.

Compound indices (ratios of number of species of most other algae to that of desmids) point to Lake Rotoehu as extremely eutrophic, to Lake Rotoma as moderately eutrophic, and to Lakes Rotoiti and Waikaremoana as oligotrophic rather than meso‐ or eutrophic.     

An analytical study of general hyper-diffusivity and barotropic eddies

An exact solution to the barotropic potential vorticity equation is used to examine the properties of barotropic vortices under arbitrary nth-order hyper-diffusivity. Analytical expressions are derived for an eddy's lifetime, meridional drift, decay in size, and energy, as functions of the Coriolis parameter, order and magnitude of diffusivity, and the eddy's size, shape and strength. These expressions provide a simple explanation for many observed features of oceanic and atmospheric vortices. For example, the competition between the Coriolis effect and eddy strength in giving permitted eddy geometries; the bias towards a zonal anisotropy for large vortices but not for small ones; energetic preference for axisymmetry; poleward meridional drift of cyclonic vortices; and meridional speed variation depending on eddy geometry and strength.     

兰州地磁台GM3磁力仪基线值变化特征和处理方法探讨

根据兰州地磁台2002年GM3磁通门磁力仪观测基线值数据,分析了基线值的变化规律和影响因素,并把影响因素定量掺入到对基线的平滑过程中,将得到的结果与FHD-1仪观测数据的处理结果做比较,得出基线值主要受温度系数和漂移影响。在对基线值进行平滑时定量考虑温度系数对基线值的影响程度,是提高地磁最终观测结果精确度可行且有效的方法。     

科尔沁沙地西部横向沙丘间的风况和输沙势

以科尔沁沙地西部一处典型横向沙丘群为研究对象,在沙丘顶部、丘间走廊和迎风坡脚各布设一套自动气象站,对流动性的横向沙丘群内部的风况进行了连续16个月的实地观测。为有效说明沙丘群外围气象站是否能真实反映沙丘群内部实际风况特征,从翁牛特旗国家站获取了同时段风况的小时数据。结果表明：（1）丘间走廊年内主导风向为SW,与迎风坡脚基本一致但频率更高,相对于沙丘顶部（WNW）和翁牛特旗（NW）而言,风向大角度向左偏转;（2）丘间走廊年内平均风速为3.28 m·s^-1,春季平均风速可达4.74 m·s^-1,瞬时风速大于起沙风速;丘间走廊会发生较强烈的风沙活动,这对塑造丘间走廊完整形态、形成稳定的横向沙丘群空间格局具有重要作用;（3）利用日均值计算丘间走廊的输沙势为37.94 VU,低于沙丘顶部94.54%,高于翁牛特旗86.99%,由此可知,沙丘群外围气象台站测得的风况数据不能真实反映沙丘群内部风沙活动的实际情况。为更精确地估算沙丘群内部的真实输沙状况,建议至少在沙丘顶部和丘间走廊各布设一套全自动气象站进行联动观测。本研究对于揭示沙丘群落整体风况变化规律和沙尘灾害防治具有重要的理论和技术支撑价值。     

内共振对斜拉索面内瞬时相频特性的影响

为研究内共振对斜拉索的瞬时相频特性的影响,利用多尺度法对拉索面内分布激励下的运动方程进行摄动求解,分别得到不计内共振和计内共振2种状态下面内主共振响应的近似解析式以及其稳态方程,最后采用Hilbert变换分别得到两者面内响应与激励的瞬时相位差及其幅值.同时在小垂度条件下,研究了不同索力下内共振对拉索面内响应与激励的瞬时...