国际河流水文站网布局规划方法研究

随着近年来我国与周边国家在国际河流水资源利用与保护方面的合作工作的不断加强，以及边疆地区经济建设步伐的加快，国际河流水文资料收集，分析等基础工作显得越来越重要。为此，针对国际河流地区水文站点稀少，设施设备落后，监测能力薄弱的现实情况，水利部水文局组织编制了国际河流水文站网建设总体规划。简要介绍了该规划中有关国际河流的调查情况与规划河流的选择方法，说明了划定规划区范围的一般性原则和特殊性原则，提出了水文站网布局规划的思路，目标，原则与方法等。     

非开挖穿河铺设光缆管道工程的施工技术

穿越向荡巷河铺设光缆管道工程,采用先进的非开挖导向铺管技术,成功地穿越了110m宽的河流,铺道最大埋深14m。此项工程特点:一次性铺管距离长,深度大,管线多,工期短,精度高。     

无谋干热河谷按树人工林生物量初步研究

干热河谷人工林生长缓慢，林分结构简单，群落生物量较低。地面物质组成和地表侵蚀状况是影响干热河谷林木群落生物量的主要立地因素之一，土壤入渗能力强的石质山地有利于高大乔木的生长，桉树人工林生物量高，而侵蚀严重的泥质山地则相反，不利于高大乔木的生长，桉树人工林生物量低。     

Living with floods: victims' perceptions in Beijiang, Guangdong, China

This study revealed the collective values of the flood victims in the Beijiang area, Guangdong, China, as a result of a hazardous flood in 1994. The victims were sceptical of large flood-prevention engineering structures. They believed that flooding was unavoidable, but by extending support networks, applying hazard-resistant designs, and developing loss-sharing adjustments the disastrous effects of a flood could be mitigated. Seemingly, victims were prepared to live with floods and adopted functional adjustments to lessen flood impact.     

新疆流域水资源分配模拟系统设计

通过对有关项目研究成果的分析，总结了新疆流域水资源分配模拟系统设计的基本原理与方法。其中对模拟模型的建立、模拟系统的结构与各子模块的功能及寻求合理分水方案的方法进行了详细分析与说明。     

Preissmann隐式格式在分汊和环状河道中的应用

环状河道在平原地区水系中非常常见,分汊河道也较常见,对这两种河道基于Preissmann格式的水流计算提出了可行的方法。对圣维南方程组进行离散后,用追赶法对各河道进行演算,由水量平衡原理对各结点进行计算,就可求得河道各断面的水流情况。用长江下游江阴至青龙港及杨林段河道的实例进行计算,取得了较为理想的效果。     

沮漳河现代沉积研究

通过对沮漳河 1994～ 1998年洪水期与枯水期沉积的连续观察研究 ,指出了洪水期与枯水期沉积物搬运的不同机制和过程 ,识别出了 16种岩石相及 6种组合类型 ,每种组合的水动力条件及沉积过程决定了其沉积方式、沉积序列、产出位置和微环境特点。据此 ,将沮漳河可划分为 4个沉积微相单元 :河道内砾石及砂坝 ,典型凸岸点坝 ,决口扇与广布的河漫滩。提出了曲流河两个相邻弯顶之间存在凹岸滩坝的可能性 ,探讨了曲流河“二元结构”的形成过程和加积机理     

评定渗流管涌公式

根据工程实际问题，推导了在江河堤围、深基坑开挖和矿山法地铁开挖三种情况下的评定渗流管涌公式，并指出应根据不同情况选用不同的评定渗流管涌公式，及使用中必须考虑的问题。     

Sources, distribution and storage of heavy metals in the Río Pilcomayo, Bolivia

The Río Pilcomayo rises on the Cerro Rico de Potosí precious metal-polymetallic tin deposits of Bolivia, and flows in a southeasterly direction for ca. 600 km to Bolivia's southern border with Argentina. Mining of the Potosí deposits has occurred continuously since 1545, generating large quantities of waste materials in the headwater of the basin. In addition, a tailings dam breach at the Porco mine in 1996 released an estimated 235 000 m³ of tailings and fluid into the upper reaches of the Río Pilaya, the largest tributary to the Pilcomayo.Concentrations of As, Sb, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ag, Tl and Zn in contemporary channel sediments upstream of the Pilaya confluence are significantly elevated above background values. Elevated levels appear to be associated with pyrite- and other sulphide mineral-bearing tailings materials transported more than 200 km downstream of the Potosí mines. Significant downstream declines in elemental concentrations occur within 15 km, and again between 150 and 200 km, from the mines. The initial decrease in concentrations is due to the rapid dilution of nearly pure tailings effluent released to the river from milling facilities near Potosí. The latter decrease results from a combination of geomorphic processes including the storage of sediment-borne metals within the channel bed and the influx of ‘clean’ sediment from several large tributaries. Downstream of the Pilaya confluence, concentrations of Cu, Pb, Hg and Zn are only slightly elevated above background values, and Ag, Cd, Sb and Tl cannot be distinguished from background levels. These data suggest that while the Porco tailings spill may have had a significant short-term impact on sediment and water quality along the lower reaches of the Río Pilcomayo, its longer-term impacts were limited. Metals stored and eroded from alluvial deposits of historical age in upstream reaches appear to be an important source of metals to the river today. An additional, and perhaps more significant source, is the release of tailings effluent to the river from modern milling operations. The transport of these contaminants downstream of Icla (203 km from Potosí) appears to be restricted by aggradational processes occurring in the vicinity of Puente Sucre. In addition, downstream of the confluence of the Río Pilaya, inputs of large amounts of ‘clean’ sediment have caused dilution of the metal contaminants. Data from other studies where similar geomorphic processes have occurred suggest that the metals in the upper Pilcomayo may eventually be moved downvalley as the aggradational processes are reversed and channel stabilisation occurs. Thus, the most significant impacts of metal contamination may not be realised in downstream areas for decades.     

EVOLUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPER－CONCENTRATED FLOW IN BRAIDED CHANNEL OF THE YELLOW RIVER

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