刚性桩复合地基中性面深度与桩土应力比计算

刚性桩复合地基中性面深度及桩土应力比的简化计算主要基于桩侧摩阻力线性分布假设,当桩身较长时,桩端侧摩阻力的计算值会远大于实际值,致使中性面深度及桩土应力比的计算结果与实际差别较大,故有必要对线性分布模式予以修正。据此将桩侧摩阻力分布简化为分段线性模式,考虑负摩阻力作用及桩上、下刺入变形,根据褥垫层-桩-土变形协调关系推导了刚性桩复合地基中性面深度、桩顶面桩土应力比、中性面桩土应力比计算公式。最后通过模型试验与工程实例验证,计算值与实测值吻合较好。     

刚性挡土墙后三维被动滑裂面的模型试验

针对无黏性土体,采用模型试验的方法,研究平移模式下刚性挡土墙后被动破坏滑裂面的空间形态。自主设计一种模型试验装置,重复开展6次试验,通过记录挡土墙后土体中预埋脆性玻璃条断裂的空间坐标,复原土体发生滑动的位置,绘制出挡土墙后滑裂面的三维形态图。试验结果表明：挡土墙后滑裂面具有明显的三维效应;挡土墙宽度内滑裂面纵向高度呈先缓慢增高后近似直线增高的曲面,初始破裂角度为9°,平均破裂角为26°,朗肯土压力理论的破裂角为28°;最大纵向破裂面长度为1.8倍挡土墙高度,与经典土压力理论的平面假定基本一致;滑裂面均有一定的横向扩展,主平面投影以初始扩散角约45°的斜线往外扩展,距离挡土墙最远处是宽度为0.7倍挡土墙宽度的水平线,斜线与水平线之间以半径为挡土墙宽度的圆弧过渡连接。研究结果为分析土体被动破坏的滑裂面空间形态提供了试验依据。     

基于小波变换和数学形态学的潮沟提取方法研究

潮沟是潮滩的主要地貌类型之一,潮沟信息的检测对湿地生态环境的监测和保护有着重要意义。本文以长江口九段沙下沙北部发育比较复杂的潮沟为研究对象,使用2016年1月26日Landsat8全色波段数据,采用了一种融合小波变换、最大类间方差法和数学形态学的方法对潮沟边缘信息进行了检测。小波变换中通过减小高层小波系数,达到弱化潮滩灰度变化的目的;通过增大低层小波系数,达到增强潮沟信息的目的;利用数学形态学和图像之间的几何(加减乘)运算,完成潮沟的提取;最后,分别在原始数据和检测结果相应的位置取样进行精度验证,样方潮沟面积一致性精度平均为92.1%。     

三维弹性侧壁液舱内液体晃动波面的实验研究

通过物理模型实验,对弹性侧壁液舱和刚性液舱内液体晃荡问题进行了研究。由于流固耦合的影响,弹性侧壁液舱内液体晃荡的最低阶固有频率稍小于同尺寸的刚性液舱内液体晃荡的最低阶固有频率。液舱模型处于纵向简谐激励作用下,其中激励频率在最低阶固有频率附近。实验分析两种相对液深比h/L=0.167和h/L=0.333,在二阶模态的次共振和一阶模态的共振状况下,对弹性侧壁液舱与刚性液舱内不同测点的波面、振幅谱和晃动波高进行对比分析。结果表明:在浅液深(h/L=0.167)一阶共振下,流固耦合对波面形态的影响比较明显,弹性侧壁液舱内测点晃动波高明显大于刚性液舱内对应测点波高;而在一般液深(h/L=0.333)一阶共振下,水弹性效应减弱,弹性侧壁液舱与刚性液舱内对应测点处波高差异较小。     

Effect of non‐moment braced frame seismic deformations on buckling‐restrained brace end connection behavior: Theoretical analysis and subassemblage tests

In‐plane buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) end rotation induced by frame action is a commonly observed phenomenon in buckling‐restrained braced frames (BRBFs). However, its effect on BRB end connection behavior has not yet been clear. In this study, four BRB end deformation modes for quick determination of end rotational demand are proposed for non‐moment BRBF considering different BRB arrangements, installing story of BRBs, and boundary condition of corner gussets connected with column base. Key factors affecting BRB end rotation and flexural moments are examined theoretically by parametric analysis. Subassemblage tests of seven BRB specimens under horizontal cyclic loading were conducted by adopting two loading frames to impose the expected BRB end deformations. It shows that BRB end rotation subjected BRB ends to significant flexural moments, leading to premature yielding of BRB ends or even tendency of end zone buckling. The deformation modes, the flexural rigidity of BRB ends, and the initial geometric imperfections of BRBs were found to have significant influence on BRB end connection behavior. The triggering moment induced by BRB end rotation was the main contributor to end flexural moment. However, the moment amplification effect induced by flexure of BRB end zones became prominent especially for small flexural rigidity of BRB ends. Implications and future research needs for design of BRB end connections are provided finally based on the theoretical and experimental results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基坑挡墙变位诱发地表沉陷的模型试验研究

针对刚性挡墙不同变位模式,对基坑开挖过程中地表沉陷规律进行模型试验研究。开展的模型试验分别模拟了挡墙在平移（T模式）、绕墙趾转动（RB模式）和绕墙顶转动（RT模式）3种基本刚性变位模式下诱发的墙后地表沉陷,得到了土体沉陷曲线的分布规律。结果表明,挡墙平移时,墙后地表沉降呈勺型分布,最大沉降紧靠墙背处;挡墙绕墙趾转动时,墙后地表沉降近似呈三角形分布,最大沉降紧靠墙背处;挡墙绕墙顶转动时,墙后地表沉降近似呈抛物线分布,最大沉降位于距墙背一定距离的位置处。挡墙变位距离相同时,对于绕墙趾和绕墙顶转动模式,墙后土体沉陷的面积基本相等,两者沉陷面积之和近似等于平移模式的土体沉陷面积,另外,挡墙变位面积与墙后土体沉陷面积也近乎一致。将试验观察的沉陷曲线与既有的解析解作了对比分析,验证了二者的一致性。     

Seismic performance and comparison of three different I beam to box column joints

Despite the inherently advantages of the box column, finding the best option for the I beam to the box column connection is the main challenge in using the box column as a structural member for special moment frames. In this paper, the seismic performance of unreinforced connection, weakened connection and strengthened connection was evaluated through a comprehensive experimental program. The seismic comparisons were fabricated by assessing the strength, ductility and energy dissipation in each configuration. Three full scale tests with several connections were carried out. All the specimens were subjected to cyclic loading and prior to failure by forming a plastic hinge in the beam, all the connections managed to reach an inelastic rotation of more than 6.0% rad. The experimental and analytical results showed that the seismic performance of the strengthened connection with flange and shear plates turned out to be the most effective in the beam to the box column connection. Moreover, the normalized stress distribution of the continuity plates revealed that the possibility of the weld fracture in unreinforced connection is more than other specimens.     

澳大利亚冷空气活动与西北太平洋台风频次的关系分析

利用中国气象局《台风年鉴》资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析1968—2006年北半球夏季（6—9月）澳大利亚冷空气活动与西北太平洋夏季台风频次（WNPSTYF）的关系,并研究其影响的可能机制。结果表明,夏季澳大利亚东部对流层经向风年际增量变化与WNPSTYF年际增量变化呈显著正相关;西太平洋近赤道区对流层上层纬向风年际增量与同期WNPSTYF年际增量呈显著负相关。澳大利亚冷空气活动影响WNPSTYF的可能机理是:当澳大利亚东部从对流层低层至上层的经向风年际增量有南风异常时（此时澳大利亚西侧对流层上层有年际增量的北风异常）,冷空气在向低纬移动过程中受热上升,同时因柯氏力向左偏转,并在对流层上层向中纬度辐散,导致110～160 °E区间的南半球近赤道附近对流层上层纬向风年际增量的偏北东风异常;由于赤道上空大气运动的无旋转特性及连续性,北半球也会出现同向的纬向风年际增量异常。赤道附近对流层上层纬向风年际增量的东风异常产生纬向风的经向切变,使对流层上层出现涡度年际增量的负异常;对流层上层涡度年际增量负异常的抽吸作用导致对流层低层出现涡度年际增量的正异常,利于台风生成,导致台风年际增量偏多。反之亦反。      

轻型定向秸秆板-榫卯连接木骨架剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为了促进适合我国国情的轻型木结构发展,介绍了一种自主开发的轻型定向秸秆板-榫卯连接木骨架剪力墙,该剪力墙由墙体模块、顶梁板、底梁板三部分组成,墙体模块的木骨架间采用榫卯连接,面板采用定向秸秆板.通过12片分别由3个剪力墙模块组成的剪力墙的水平单向加载和低周反复加载试验研究,得到了剪力墙的破坏特征、抗剪强度、滞回性能、延性及耗能等性能指标,分析了洞口大小、洞口位置及竖向荷载对剪力墙抗震性能的影响以及剪力墙与单个墙体模块抗震性能的区别.结果表明:剪力墙的破坏主要是面板破坏及面板与钉的连接破坏,剪力墙的抗剪强度比墙体模块的要低约10％,滞回曲线呈明显的反S型并有明显滑移,等效粘滞阻尼系数约为0.13.     

老平台新增井槽技术的应用与发展

老油田的二次开发难度较大,为充分利用老平台设备资源,解决现有海上平台存在的预留井槽不足的问题,曾提出并成功应用了内挂、外挂、新增桩腿外挂等增加井槽的方式,但井槽增加的方位和数量受到限制。结合两平台短距离连接和修井机双向滑移避让钻井船技术,提出了新的修井机共用方式。通过采用双向滑轨实现了修井机在新建平台和老平台间的往复滑移。此技术节约了开发投资,为今后类似项目提供参考和借鉴。