明清时期南阳盆地城(集)镇职能组合结构探析

明清时期,南阳盆地由于人口的增长、农业经济和交通的发展,城(集)镇经济也逐步发展和繁荣起来,不同类型的城(集)镇职能组合结构开始形成。在原有的以政治、军事职能为主的城(集)镇基础上,出现了一批手工业集镇、商业集镇和交通集镇。其城(集)镇功能的消长表现在:以政治、军事职能为主的城(集)镇发展相对缓慢,以经济、商业职能为主的集镇得到迅速发展,商业集镇数量增加、人口增长、规模扩大、开市日期增多、集市广设店铺,出现了繁盛的局面。     

退耕还林(草)、封山禁牧对传统农牧业的冲击与对策--以北方农牧交错带的皇甫川流域为例

在皇甫川流域生态及自然地理综合调查的基础上,同步进行了退耕还林(草)、封山禁牧等政策运行情况和农户生产、生活情况的调查。在农户调查数据的基础上,通过皇甫川流域农业现状的相关矩阵分析,研究了当地农牧业在生态和经济上的不合理性,以及面对冲击发展草产业、推行圈养舍饲的必要性与对策。     

Lithologic Hydrocarbon Deposits in Rift Lake Basins in Eastern China

The rift lake basins in the eastern China have abundant hydrocarbon resources of lithologic deposits, which resulted from excellent source rocks and multi-type sandbodies developed during strong rifting. Vertically, the lithologic deposits are mainly distributed in the lowstand, lacustrine invasion and early highstand systems of third-order sequence corresponding to a secondary tectonic episode of strong rifting, and laterally they are closely related to various fans and turbidite sandbodies controlled by syn-sedimentary faults. A variety of lithologic traps have been developed in the rift lake basins, and they generally have favorable conditions of source-reservoir-seal assemblage and hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics, indicating that there is a great exploration potential of lithologic deposits in the rift lake basins. In order to obtain satisfactory effects of lithologic deposit exploration, it is required to combine new theories with advanced technical methods.     

Intracontinental Collisional Orogeny During Late Permian-Middle Triassic in South China: Sedimentary Records of the Shiwandashan Basin

Sedimentary response to an orogenic process is important for determining whether South China had compressional or extensional orogeny during the period from the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic besides the tectonic and magmatologic evidence. An intracontinental collision event took place between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in the Late Permian. Beginning at the Late Triassic, the tectonic movement was completely changed in nature and entered a post-collisional extensional orogenic and basin-making process. This paper presents sedimentological evidence from the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic in the Shiwandashan basin at the southwestern end of the junction zone between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks.     

新疆喀什噶尔河流域水资源质量保护及对策

喀什噶尔河流域水环境系统十分脆弱, 运用环境容量总量控制、水质模型等方法进行了重点河段污染物控制量计算, 合理的划分水功能区, 拟订可行的水资源保护目标, 确定了污染物总量控制方案, 为水资源保护、水资源的可持续利用提供依据.     

Mesozoic to Cenozoic retroarc basin evolution during changes in tectonic regime,southern Central Andes (31–33°S): Insights from zircon U-Pb geochronology

The southern Central Andes of Argentina and Chile (27–40°S) are the product of deformation, arc magmatism, and basin evolution above a long-lived subduction system. With sufficient timing and provenance constraints, Andean stratigraphic and structural records enable delineation of Mesozoic-Cenozoic variations in subsidence and tectonic regime. For the La Ramada Basin in the High Andes at ∼31–33°S, new assessments of provenance and depositional age provided by detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology help resolve deformational patterns and subsidence mechanisms over the past ∼200 Myr. Marine and nonmarine clastic deposits recorded the unroofing of basin margins and sediment contributions from the Andean magmatic arc during Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous extension, thermal subsidence, and possible slab rollback. Subsequent sediment delivery from the Coastal Cordillera corresponded with initial flexural accommodation in the La Ramada Basin during Andean shortening of late Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous age. The architecture of the foreland basin was influenced by the distribution of precursor extensional depocenters, suggesting that inherited basin geometries provided important controls on later flexural subsidence and basin evolution. Following latest Cretaceous to early Paleogene tectonic quiescence and a depositional hiatus, newly dated deposits in the western La Ramada Basin provide evidence for a late Paleogene episode of intra-arc and proximal retroarc extension (development of the Abanico Basin, principally in Chile, at ∼28–44°S). Inversion of this late Paleogene extensional basin system during Neogene compression indicates the southern Central Andes were produced by at least two punctuated episodes of shortening and uplift of Late Cretaceous and Neogene age.     

从哥伦比亚超大陆裂解事件论古/中元古代的界限

国际前寒武纪地层表中始终把古/中元古代的界线置于1. 6Ga,我国则一直将这一界线置于1. 8Ga。存在认识分歧的根本原因是对1. 8Ga前后时期地质事件及其性质的理解与认识的差异或偏颇。本文通过阐述1. 8～1. 6Ga期间地质事件及其性质,重点分析和讨论古/中元古代(界)界限的划分及相关地质事件的标志与意义。大量的地质资料显示,超大陆从1. 8～1. 75Ga开始裂解,形成一系列的陆内盆地,如北美(劳伦古陆)的Thelon盆地、澳大利亚北部的Leichhardt超级盆地、南美巴西圣弗兰西斯科盆地、华北南缘的熊耳裂谷盆地以及扬子地块西南缘的东川盆地等。在这些盆地形成的早期沉积了冲积扇相、河流相的碎屑岩,之后伴有较广泛的火山岩喷发,中晚期从河流相、湖相碎屑岩沉积过渡到浅海碳酸盐台地沉积,反映一个拉伸裂解的过程。在复原的哥伦比亚超大陆内,广泛分布有1. 78～1. 72Ga的非造山花岗岩,包括AMCG组合(斜长岩、纹长二长岩、紫苏花岗岩和花岗岩)、环斑花岗岩、A型花岗岩等,以及广泛分布的基性岩墙群。这些岩浆岩都反映了拉伸裂解的地球动力学背景。在1. 8～1. 6Ga,不论是沉积事件还是岩浆事件,绝大部分与超大陆的拉伸裂解有关,并未显示造山作用、大陆固结和克拉通化的特点,用固结纪来概括这一阶段地质事件的性质并不合适。哥伦比亚超大陆上的许多盆地在1. 6Ga左右经历了一次广泛的抬升,使沉积作用短时间间断,之后原有盆地继续发展,接受了更广泛的沉积,这种沉积作用可以一直延续到1. 4～1. 3Ga左右。与裂解有关的岩浆事件也以幕式方式从1. 78Ga一直断续持续到1. 4～1. 32Ga左右。从1. 8Ga(或1. 78Ga)到1. 4～1. 3Ga,不论是盆地的沉积事件还是与裂解有关的岩浆事件,基本是连续的。以1. 6Ga作为年代界线划分古/中元古代,人为地隔断了连续的沉积事件和岩浆事件,显然与"尽可能少地截断沉积作用、火成侵位或造山运动的主要序列"的前寒武纪地层划分原则相悖。连续的裂谷盆地沉积事件和非造山岩浆事件可以追溯到1. 8Ga(或1. 78Ga)。因此,我们建议将古/中元古代的界线置于1. 8Ga或1. 78Ga。考虑到裂谷作用的本质是在已有超大陆或克拉通的基础上盖层的发育过程,因此我们建议将～1. 8Ga或1. 78～1. 4Ga都归入盖层系。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘早白垩世地层孢粉组合及地层意义

正鄂尔多斯盆地是中国大陆形成最早、演化历史最长的一个沉积盆地,也是我国重要的煤炭、石油、天然气矿产地。近年来,随着国家对清洁能源的需求,加大了对该盆地的砂岩型铀矿的找矿工作,但长期以来对鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘铀矿目的层白垩系志丹群的古生物化石、古环境研究相当缺乏,而对于白垩纪孢粉研究更为少见,仅在1988～1992年有过几例孢粉研究(张子福,1988,1989,1992),     

鄂尔多斯盆地煤田区铀矿成矿地质条件

正21世纪初,随着铀矿勘查工作的不断深入,在北方主要含煤盆地取得铀矿找矿重要进展,鄂尔多斯盆地是我国中生代典型大型内陆沉积盆地之一,其铀源条件、构造条件、含铀建造、水动力条件等显示了较好的铀矿找矿前景(焦养泉等,2015)。尤其是近10年来,"煤铀兼探"和利用煤田资料"二次"开发技术在鄂尔多斯盆地煤田勘查区开展砂岩型铀矿地质调查工作,取得了一系列选区和找矿的重要进展,圈定一批重要铀矿成矿远景区和找矿靶     

二连盆地中部白垩系赛汉组碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学及地质意义

正砂岩型铀矿是世界上最重要的铀矿床类型,亦是我国铀矿勘查的主攻方向。二连盆地位于中亚造山带,是我国北方砂岩型铀矿的主攻和重点突破地区。近年来,随着找矿勘查工作的深入,在盆地中部先后发现了巴彦乌拉、赛汉高毕和哈达图等多个古河道型砂岩型铀矿床,实现了铀矿找矿的重大突破(张金带,2016)。这些矿床产于盆地中部,主