高延性FRP加固大尺寸混凝土柱轴压力学性能研究

现有纤维增强复合材料(FRP)约束混凝土短柱的研究多基于小尺寸试件,对大尺寸试件的研究较少.聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维增强复合材料(PET FRP)和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维增强复合材料(PEN FRP)是由回收废弃塑料制成的环保型高延性FRP.高延性FRP具有超过5％的断裂应变,超过传统FRP断裂应变(1.5～3％).本...     

钢筋混凝土柱对应于各地震损伤状态的侧向变形计算

采用半经验半理论的方法对以受弯为主的钢筋混凝土柱对应于各主要损伤状态的侧向变形进行了研究。本文研究的主要损伤状态包括屈服、混凝土保护层压碎、剥落、纵向受力钢筋屈曲、极限状态五个状态。首先建立了各损伤状态下柱截面受压区高度的计算方法。接着,利用对美国太平洋地震工程研究中心(PEER)建立的钢筋混凝土柱的试验数据库的统计分析,采用平截面假定和钢筋混凝土受弯构件的塑性铰理论推出了混凝土保护层压碎时压区边缘混凝土的应变大小,混凝土保护层剥落、纵筋屈曲和进入极限状态时核心区混凝土边缘的压应变大小,进而建立了钢筋混凝土柱对应于各损伤状态的变形计算方法。利用本文提出的方法得到的变形计算值与PEER提供的试验数据在统计意义上有较好的一致性。该方法可为钢筋混凝土柱基于位移的抗震设计和抗震性能评价提供依据。     

考虑约束扭转的斜拉桥车激横向振动分析

利用有限单元法,基于力学原理和几何协调条件,导出了非对称箱型截面梁单元的弯扭耦合刚度矩阵,建立了斜拉桥在车辆荷载作用下的横向动力分析模型。由于考虑了箱梁的约束扭转,该模型能够分析复线或多线铁路桥在偏载作用下的横向振动问题。以桥梁轨道随机不平顺作为激振源,进行了机车过桥的实例分析。计算结果表明,桥梁的车激横向动力响应随车速及轨道不平顺样本的不同而变化,并随桥跨的增加而快速变得显著,车辆偏载对箱梁扭转振动有显著影响,所建立的力学模型是斜拉桥车桥耦合振动分析的实用模型。     

The geochemistry of iron and manganese in the waters and sediments of Bolstadfjord,S.W. Norway

The distributions of dissolved and solid phase Fe and Mn have been variously determined in vertical profiles through the water column and sediments at three stations in Bolstadfjord, S.W. Norway. Elevated concentrations of dissolved and suspended particulate Fe and Mn are associated with restricted deep waters as a result of redox reactions and with river discharge. The basin sediments are anoxic throughout but because of the greatly restricted circulation, remobilized Fe and Mn appear to remain predominantly trapped within the fjord. Differentiation of Fe and Mn occurs to the extent that Fe sulphide precipitation is ubiquitous in the sediments whereas the entrapment of Mn, probably through Mn carbonate precipitation, is found only in the sediments of the more seaward basin (maximum Mn content of 1·5% by weight).     

Local Sensitivity Analysis of a Numerical Model of Volcanic Plinian Columns through Automatic Differentiation

Numerical simulation of geological phenomena are nowadays widely used to understand them. A good example are the numerous codes developed to model mass motion in different processes. Such models are approximations to the real phenomena because the physical conditions are simplified or because the values of the parameters intervening in the modeling are known only approximately. For this reason, an obligatory step in the application of these models is the assessment of their sensitivity to changes in the parameters. Sensitivity analysis is also required to evaluate the influence of the different input variables in the outcome of the model. In general this analysis is carried out by repeated computation of the model to different sets of input variables and settings of the model. A more fruitful procedure to carry out such analysis can be achieved by automatic differentiation. In this paper we illustrate such approach through its application to the model of an eruptive plinian column. The results of the analysis allow to assess, in a systematic and efficient manner, the relevance of the different boundary values and parameters of the model. The analysis reveals the effects on velocity, temperature, gas fraction, radius and ultimately column height, by changes in their boundary value (i.e. at the vent). The effect of changes in the value of the gas constants, density of pyroclasts and specific heat of the erupted material is also evidenced. Alternatively, the results can be regarded as a mean to estimate the values of the variables for different set of boundary values without recurring to new runs of the model. Automatic differentiation is shown to be a convenient scheme to obtain derivatives of model variables. This type of analysis forms in addition the basis for further work in inversion schemes.     

碎石桩复合地基三维地震响应分析

将饱和砂土视为土水两相介质,以Biot动力固结方程为基础,编制了完全耦合的三维排水有效应力动力反应分析程序。利用该程序对碎石桩复合地基进行了动力反应分析。结果表明:在地震荷载作用下,碎石桩具有明显的减震效应,碎石桩复合地基表层的最大水平振动加速度与天然地基相比明显减小,并且碎石桩对地基的沉降变形有明显的抑制作用;碎石桩的排水效应十分显著,随着输入地震加速度的减弱,在孔压达到峰值以后,由下到上出现了明显的孔压消散现象,碎石桩排水效应的影响范围为上窄下宽的圆台形;碎石桩的加密效应显著;考虑碎石桩各效应的耦合作用比仅考虑其单一效应,计算得到的孔压比要小,因此在进行碎石桩复合地基抗液化判别时,应该综合考虑碎石桩各效应的相互耦合作用。     

Cyclic response of slender RC columns typical of precast industrial buildings

The cyclic behaviour of slender cantilever columns in full-scale models of precast industrial buildings, designed by Eurocode 8, was studied experimentally and analytically. The shear span ratio of the columns was 12.5, which is more than allowed by Eurocode 8 for columns in frame structures (10). High deformability and a large deformation capacity (8%~drift) of the columns was observed. A lumped plasticity model was used in the analysis. In the paper the observed behaviour of the models has been compared with the predicted behaviour obtained by several empirically based models and procedures. It was observed that these models, which were developed for much lower shear span ratios (2–6), were not applicable for the analyzed very slender columns without appropriate additional considerations and modifications. In the case of such columns the yield drift is dominated by the flexural mode (it is practically proportional to the height of the column) and the ultimate drift under cyclic loading conditions is only slightly dependent on the shear span (indicating that the ratio of the equivalent length of the plastic hinge to the height of the column decreases with the increasing shear span). An appropriately modified lumped plasticity model incorporating in-cycle and repeated-cycle strength deterioration was chosen for future use in performance-based design and seismic risk studies.     

碳纤维布改善钢筋混凝土短柱延性的试验研究

通过横向包裹碳纤维布的钢筋混凝土短柱在低周反复荷载作用下受力性能的试验研究，验证了碳纤维布对钢筋混凝土短柱延性的改善作用。经碳纤维布包裹的钢筋混凝土短柱，其延性得到了显著改善，但承载能力却变化不大。试验还发现，碳纤维布在使用中存在一个作用效率的问题，碳纤维布包裹层数愈多，其作用效率愈低。     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Experimental study of hollow rectangular bridge column performance under vertical and cyclically bilateral loads

To investigate the seismic performance of hollow reinforced concrete(RC) bridge columns of rectangular cross section under constant axial load and cyclically biaxial bending,five specimens were tested.A parametric study is carried out for different axial load ratios,longitudinal reinforcement ratios and lateral reinforcement ratios.The experimental results showed that all tested specimens failed in the flexural failure mode and their ultimate performance was dominated by flexural capacity,which is represented by the rupture/buckling of tensile longitudinal rebars at the bottom of the bridge columns.Biaxial force and displacement hysteresis loops showed significant stiffness and strength degradations,and the pinching effect and coupling interaction effect of both directions severely decrease the structural seismic resistance.However,the measured ductility coefficient varying from 3.5 to 5.7 and the equivalent viscous damping ratio varying from 0.19 and 0.26 can meet the requirements of the seismic design.The hollow RC rectangular bridge columns with configurations of lateral reinforcement in this study have excellent performance under bidirectional earthquake excitations,and may be considered as a substitute for current hollow RC rectangular section configurations described in the Guideline for Seismic Design of Highway Bridges(JTG/T B02-01-2008).The length of the plastic hinge region was found to approach one sixth of the hollow RC rectangular bridge column height for all specimen columns,and it was much less than those specified in the current JTG/T.Thus,the length of the plastic hinge region is more concentrated for RC rectangular hollow bridge columns.