一种航空影像与矢量数据配准的新方法

针对航空影像与矢量数据间的配准问题,本文提出了一种基于直线段特征利用二维多尺度模板进行影像与矢量数据配准的方法。该方法以预处理后的矢量数据为先验信息,利用二维多尺度线段模板自动搜索线状地物建立配准基元间的相关,以共线条件方程作为配准转换函数,实现了航空影像与矢量数据的配准和航空影像外方位元素的解算。实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的可靠性和配准精度。     

卫星遥感影像的安全控制策略研究

形成完备的遥感影像的安全控制策略是当前各国在确保国家安全的前提下扩大卫星遥感影像应用效益首先面临的重大问题。本文首先总结了国外安全控制现状,然后开展了卫星遥感影像安全控制必要性分析、策略研究,并说明了策略的可用性,最后提出了有关建议。     

深度挖掘“天地图”的教育功能

“天地图”是国家测绘地理信息局主导建设的国家地理信息公共服务平台和地理信息综合服务网站,可向社会公众提供权威、可信、统一的在线地理信息服务。同时,在其他领域的作用和价值也同样不可小视,尤其是地理知识教育、国家版图教育、爱国主义教育、红色教育等教育功能的应用、服务具有广阔的发展空间。文章以“天地图”现有应用板块“伟业宏图”为例,探讨深度挖掘“天地图”的高校马克思主义红色教育功能的应用价值及策略。     

叠前逆时深度偏移低频噪声压制策略研究

低波数噪音严重影响了逆时偏移的成像质量,选择合适的低波数噪音压制方法是进行逆时偏移时必然涉及到的一个重要方面.本文首先详细分析了逆时偏移中低波数噪音产生的本质原因,然后根据噪音的产生机制对目前各类低波数噪音压制方法进行了分析和归类:第一类低波数噪音压制策略的核心是在构建波场中避免发生背向反射;第二类低波数噪音压制策略的核心是进行选择性成像.最后通过对压噪方法进行合理的选择和搭配,构建了在不同实现条件和成像需求情况下逆时偏移去噪方法的最佳抉择策略.结合数值算例对几种压噪方案进行了测试和比较,实例表明了对噪音压制方法进行合理的搭配可以获得高信噪比逆时偏移成像结果.     

Growth and survival of Halimione portulacoides stem cuttings in heavy metal contaminated soils

The halophytic shrub Halimione portulacoides demonstrates a high tolerance to heavy metal contamination and a capacity for accumulating metals within its tissues. On the Iberian Peninsula, this species has colonized habitats with high levels of metal pollution. The aim of this study is to analyze the response of H. portulacoides stem cuttings to this pollution. Growth, photosynthesis and metal uptake were examined in H. portulacoides through an experiment in which stem cuttings were replanted in metal-contaminated soil. This condition decreased growth and lowered both photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. Reduced photosynthetic performance was largely due to the reduced concentration of photosynthetic pigments. Despite these responses, there was some important evidence suggesting the phytoremediatory potential of Halimione stem cuttings. The results of our study indicate that this salt-marsh shrub may represent a biotool of value in the restoration of polluted areas.     

定居牧民对草地退化的适应策略——以那曲县为例

采用参与式农村评估法(PRA),在青藏高原腹地那曲县3个典型乡镇的实地调查基础上,分析了定居牧民对草地退化的适应策略.结果表明:研究区草地均有不同程度的退化,夏秋草场较冬春草场退化更明显.草地退化对牧民生计最明显的影响是牲畜大量死亡,牧民依靠省吃俭用及借贷勉强维持生计.在应对草地退化方面,政府采取集约化的思路,主导“四配套建设”.但定居并未从根本上改变牧民生计的脆弱性.牧民采取了多种适应策略,然而,集约化的适应策略极大地增加了牧民的负担,定居牧民难以通过迁移来实现草料补给及应对极端灾害天气的胁迫.因此,政府的应对策略应该有所调整,不能仅仅局限于集约化,应当采取措施,扶持牧民的生计多样化,大力扶持牧业合作社的发展,同时,尊重牧民联户放牧的意愿.     

地震预警信息发布策略的探讨

地震预警是一种有效的减灾方式。面向公众的地震预警信息发布是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及发布主体、发布对象、发布内容和发布方式等多方面内容。本文通过分析国内外地震预警系统应用和信息发布策略,探讨提出了我国地震预警信息的发布主体的有效载体,与发布对象所对应的具体发布方式和发布内容等环节的操作方式,以期为政策制定提供一定的参考依据。     

鄱阳湖湿地现状及恢复与保育对策

在对鄱阳湖湿地恢复与保育现状进行分析的基础上,找出鄱阳湖湿地面临的主要威胁和鄱阳湖湿地恢复与保育中存在的主要问题,结合鄱阳湖实际情况,提出了鄱阳湖湿地恢复与保育对策。     

中国退化湿地生态恢复

湿地是地球上最重要的生态系统之一。然而,随着人口和经济的快速增长,加之长期过度开发已经使得我国的湿地生态系统已经不堪重负。因此,为了改善和恢复湿地的多种功能,如减缓径流、蓄洪防旱,净化水质等,在适当的地域恢复和重建湿地是当今我们面临的紧迫问题。本文从退化湿地生态恢复的基本概念入手,阐述了湿地恢复的基本原理以及湿地恢复的基本流程;以生态学原理为基础,分别阐述了退化湿地生态恢复的三个基本模式,以及退化湿地生态恢复的主要目标和基本策略;最后还对湿地恢复项目的评估和未来发展趋势进行了探讨。     

Evaluation of infiltration‐based stormwater management to restore hydrological processes in urban headwater streams

Urbanization threatens headwater stream ecosystems globally. Watershed restoration practices, such as infiltration‐based stormwater management, are implemented to mitigate the detrimental effects of urbanization on aquatic ecosystems. However, their effectiveness for restoring hydrologic processes and watershed storage remains poorly understood. Our study used a comparative hydrology approach to quantify the effects of urban watershed restoration on watershed hydrologic function in headwater streams within the Coastal Plain of Maryland, USA. We selected 11 headwater streams that spanned an urbanization–restoration gradient (4 forested, 4 urban‐degraded, and 3 urban‐degraded) to evaluate changes in watershed hydrologic function from both urbanization and watershed restoration. Discrete discharge and continuous, high‐frequency rainfall‐stage monitoring were conducted in each watershed. These datasets were used to develop 6 hydrologic metrics describing changes in watershed storage, flowpath connectivity, or the resultant stream flow regime. The hydrological effects of urbanization were clearly observed in all metrics, but only 1 of the 3 restored watersheds exhibited partially restored hydrologic function. At this site, a larger minimum runoff threshold was observed relative to the urban‐degraded watersheds, suggesting enhanced infiltration of stormwater runoff within the restoration structure. However, baseflow in the stream draining this watershed remained low compared to the forested reference streams, suggesting that enhanced infiltration of stormwater runoff did not recharge subsurface storage zones contributing to stream baseflow. The highly variable responses among the 3 restored watersheds were likely due to the spatial heterogeneity of urban development, including the level of impervious cover and extent of the storm sewer network. This study yielded important knowledge on how restoration strategies, such as infiltration‐based stormwater management, modulated—or failed to modulate—hydrological processes affected by urbanization, which will help improve the design of future urban watershed management strategies. More broadly, we highlighted a multimetric approach that can be used to monitor the restoration of headwater stream ecosystems in disturbed landscapes.