瞬时频率属性在沉积相研究中的应用-以白音查干凹陷西部腾格尔组为例

利用白音查干地区的测井、录井及地震资料。通过定性、定量两种手段进行瞬时频率与岩性的相关性分析,认为瞬时频率能够较好的区分砂泥岩。当砂岩百分比小于0.12时,瞬时频率属性为低频;当砂岩百分比为0.16～0.33时,瞬时频率为高频。通过瞬时频率切片与沉积相平面展布图对比分析发现,不同相类型的砂体在瞬时频率切片中具有明显不同的特征,辫状河三角洲砂体表现为沿物源方向延伸的枝状或朵状中高频区,滩砂表现为不规则滩状的高频区,坝砂在盆地边缘呈高频带状分布。此外,瞬时频率还可以进行物源分析、三角洲朵叶体识别和扇体叠置识别,是进行沉积体系、砂体展布和储层预测等方面研究的重要手段。     

Multi‐variable relations for soil effects on seismic ground motion

Soil effects on peak ground acceleration, velocity and elastic response spectra (5% damping) are expressed by simple approximate relations in terms of five key parameters: (a) the fundamental vibration period of the non‐linear soil, T_S, (b) the period of a bedrock site of equal thickness, T_b, (c) the predominant excitation period, Te, (d) the peak seismic acceleration at outcropping bedrock, a, and (e) the number of significant excitation cycles, n. Furthermore, another relation is proposed for the estimation of T_S in terms of the soil thickness H, the average shear wave velocity of the soil V?_S,o and a. The aforementioned parameters were first identified through a simplified analytical simulation of the site excitation. The multivariable approximate relations were then formulated via a statistical analysis of relevant data from more than 700 one‐dimensional equivalent‐linear seismic ground response analyses, for actual seismic excitations and natural soil conditions. Use of these relations to back‐calculate the numerical results in the database gives an estimate of their error margin, which is found to be relatively small and unbiased. The proposed relations are also independently verified through a detailed comparison with strong motion recordings from seven well‐documented case studies: (a) two sites in the San Fernando valley during the Northridge earthquake, and (b) five different seismic events recorded at the SMART‐1 accelerometer array in Taiwan. It is deduced that the accuracy of the relations is comparable to that of the equivalent‐linear method. Hence, they can be readily used as a quick alternative for routine applications, as well as for spreadsheet computations (e.g. GIS‐aided seismic microzonation studies) where numerical methods are cumbersome to implement. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sub-seasonal Prediction of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset in the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2

This study depicts the sub-seasonal prediction of the South China Sea summer monsoon onset(SCSSMO) and investigates the associated oceanic and atmospheric processes, utilizing the hindcasts of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2(CFSv2). Typically, the SCSSMO is accompanied by an eastward retreat of the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH), development of the cross-equatorial flow, and an increase in the east-west sea surface temperat...     

地震预报和地震对策模型体系

本文设计了一种用于地震预报和地震对策的模型体系。任何规模庞大、结构复杂、功能综合的大系统都不能用一个单一模型来处理,因为单一模型容纳的变量有限、研究的问题受到局限。地震预报和地震对策系统包含长、中、短、临地震预报,强余震预报及震前、震后的对策等,研究的目标多、功能复杂,需要建立一个相当规模的模型体系来解决这一问题。用系统工程的方法设计和建立各个模型,使各模型的输出、输入互相匹配,功能互相补充。该模型体系具有预报功能和决策功能。前者包括大区域地震危险性判定,中期(0.5—5年)地震危险性判定,短期(0.5—6月)地震危险性判定,临震(几小时—15天)地震危险性判定以及未来地震类型和强余震趋势的判定等。后者包括震前决策和震后决策。使用的数学方法包括统计方法,模糊集方法和灰色系统方法。     

湖南新的铜矿类型及其找矿远景

南岭成矿区武夷起的北西、南东两侧各有一个铜多金属成矿带，其中包括德兴、紫金山等与中生代中酸性岩有关的著名斑岩型铜矿床。湘东北－湘南地区是南岭北西侧铜多金属成矿带的组成部分，具有与之相似的斑岩型铜矿形成条件，并根据实际资料在湘东北区、湘南区各提出了１个该类型矿床的成矿预测区。     

西藏隆子县恰嘎锑矿4号脉原生晕特征及深部找矿预测

西藏隆子县恰嘎锑矿位于藏南错美-隆子锑金成矿带中东部,该区成矿条件有利,是找锑铅锌的良好靶区。研究表明：①矿体原生晕发育,且分带明显。②结合原生异常分布态势及其与矿体的关系,成晕组分可以分为：前缘元素（Cd、Hg、As）、近矿元素（上部为Pb、Zn,中部为Sb,下部为Cu、Au、Ag）、尾晕元素（Mn、Bi、Mo、W、Sn）。③对该区利用浓集中心法和分带指数法分别求出了相近的分带序列：Pb-Zn-Mn-Bi-Mo-W-Sn-Cd-Hg-As-Sb-Cu-Au-Ag-Ba。④深部找矿方面,矿体很大可能向深部继续延伸或有盲矿体存在,且该矿床为热液型矿床。⑤在原生晕系统研究的基础上构建了深部矿体评价的指标（Cd×Hg×As×Sb）D/（Bi×Mo×W×Sn）D,数据表明该指标随深度的增加有规律地降低,是预测深部矿体资源潜力的有效指标。     

Vertical dynamic response of a rigid foundation embedded in a poroelastic soil layer

A simplified analytical method is presented for the vertical dynamic analysis of a rigid, massive, cylindrical foundation embedded in a poroelastic soil layer. The foundation is subjected to a time‐harmonic vertical loading and is perfectly bonded to the surrounding soil in the vertical direction. The soil underlying the foundation base is represented by a single‐layered poroelastic soil based on rigid bedrock while the soil at the side of the foundation is modeled as an independent poroelastic layer composed of a series of infinitesimally thin layers. The behavior of the soil is governed by Biot's poroelastodynamic theory and its governing equations are solved by the use of Hankel integral transform. The contact surface between the foundation base and the soil is smooth and fully permeable. The dynamic interaction problem is solved following standard numerical procedures. The accuracy of the present solution is verified by comparisons with the well‐known solutions obtained from other approaches for both the elastodynamic interaction problem and poroelastodynamic interaction problem. Numerical results for the vertical dynamic impedance and response factor of the foundation are presented to demonstrate the influence of nondimensional frequency of excitation, soil layer thickness, poroelastic material parameters, depth ratio and mass ratio on the dynamic response of a rigid foundation embedded in a poroelastic soil layer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

响应面法优化南极菌Psychrobacter sp.B-3的发酵产糖条件

为对南极菌Psychrobacter sp.B-3产胞外糖的发酵条件进行优化,以温度、pH、不同碳源、不同氮源、不同金属离子及海水配比作为唯一变量进行单因素实验,筛选出对产糖有显著影响的单因素取值范围;在此基础上,利用Plackett-Burman实验设计筛选出影响产多糖的3个主要因素,即酵母粉、陈海水配比和装液量.然后通过Box-Behnken实验设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析,得出了南极菌Psychrobacter sp.B-3发酵条件系统优化的结果为:酵母粉1.1 g/L,陈海水与自来水的配比为2:1,装液量为50％,蛋白胨6.0 g/L,接种量1.5％,培养时间64 h,BaCl20.03 g/L,温度10℃,转速150 r/min,pH为7.0.优化后发酵液中的糖含量由优化前的444 μg/mL提高到624 μg/mL,相比初始糖产量提高了40％.结果表明,响应面法可显著优化南极菌Psychrobacter sp.B-3液体发酵产胞外糖的条件.     

NEW EVIDENCES FOR LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF THE YISHU-TANGTOU FAULT,THE TAN-LU FAULT ZONE,AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATION

The Tan-Lu Fault Zone(TLFZ), a well-known lithosphere fault zone in eastern China, is a boundary tectonic belt of the secondary block within the North China plate, and its seismic risk has always been a focus problem. Previous studies were primarily conducted on the eastern graben faults of the Yishu segment where there are historical earthquake records, but the faults in western graben have seldom been involved. So, there has been no agreement about the activity of the western graben fault from the previous studies. This paper focuses on the activity of the two buried faults in the western graben along the southern segment of Yishu through combination of shallow seismic reflection profile and composite drilling section exploration. Shallow seismic reflection profile reveals that the Tangwu-Gegou Fault(F₄)only affects the top surface of Suqian Formation, therefore, the fault may be an early Quaternary fault. The Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)has displaced the upper Pleistocene series in the shallow seismic reflection profile, suggesting that the fault may be a late Pleistocene active fault. Drilling was implemented in Caiji Town and Lingcheng Town along the Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)respectively, and the result shows that the latest activity time of Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)is between(91.2±4.4)ka and(97.0±4.8)ka, therefore, the fault belongs to late Pleistocene active fault. Combined with the latest research on the activity of other faults along TLFZ, both faults in eastern and western graben were active during the late Pleistocene in the southern segment of the Yishu fault zone, however, only the fault in eastern graben was active in the Holocene. This phenomenon is the tectonic response to the subduction of the Pacific and Philippine Sea Plate and collision between India and Asian Plate. The two late Quaternary active faults in the Yishu segment of TLFZ are deep faults and present different forms on the surface and in near surface according to studies of deep seismic reflection profile, seismic wave function and seismic relocation. Considering the tectonic structure of the southern segment of Yishu fault zone, the relationship between deep and shallow structures, and the impact of 1668 Tancheng earthquake(M=8(1/2)), the seismogenic ability of moderate-strong earthquake along the Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)can't be ignored.     

遗传算法求解最大预报误差的可行性研究

利用条件非线性最优扰动（conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation,CNOP）可以实现最大预报误差的上界估计。CNOP通常由基于梯度信息的约束优化算法进行求解,且其中的梯度信息由伴随模式提供。然而当非线性模式中含不连续＂开关＂时,传统伴随方法不能为优化过程提供正确的梯度方向,从而导致优化失败。为此,采用自适应变异和混合交叉的遗传算法,联赛选择机制和小生境技术的约束处理方法来求解最大预报误差上界。为检验新方法的有效性,以修改的Lorenz模型作为预报模式,对3个初始态分别用新方法和传统伴随方法进行比较,数值试验结果显示新方法求解出的最大预报误差的上界更加精确。