A Comprehensive Method for Fractionating Soil Organic Matter Not Protected and Protected from Decomposition by Physical and Chemical Mechanisms

The objective of this work was to describe a method for isolating meaningful and measurable soil organic matter (SOM) pools that differ in the mechanisms by which they are protected from decomposition. The proposed method is appropriate for soil C stabilization and sequestration studies. Unlike previous fractionation schemes, this procedure allows free SOM located between aggregates (unprotected C pool) and SOM occluded within both macroaggregates and microaggregates (C weakly and strongly protected by physical mechanisms, respectively) to be recovered separately, freed from the soil mineral matrix and the mineral‐associated SOM pool (C pool protected by chemical mechanisms) and thus well suited to advanced chemical characterization by ¹³C‐NMR. Briefly, free SOM is isolated by an initial density separation. Stable macroaggregates are broken up into stable microaggregates and intra‐macroaggregate SOM, which is then separated by density. Finally, intra‐microaggregate SOM is isolated from mineral‐associated SOM by a third density separation after ultrasonic disruption. The SOM dissolved during the fractionation procedure is also recovered. Results obtained on soil samples with contrasting textures suggested that clay content induces a decrease of the proportion of free organic C and an increase of mineral‐associated organic C content. Free SOM is characterized by a marked presence of undecayed organic material and biologically labile substances, such as carbohydrates and proteins. In contrast, SOM occluded within aggregates, especially within microaggregates, represents a more decomposed fraction, relatively enriched in unsubstituted‐aliphatic material, most probably lipid biopolymers.     

无线电波透视仪输入输出阻抗检测分析理论方法

介绍了本质安全电气设备,首次提出了无线电波透视仪的输入、输出阻抗（电阻、电容、电感）的检测方法。通过理论分析,论证了检测方法的可行性,探讨性提出了实际测量方法。     

实验变形煤结构演化的电子顺磁共振研究

通过１４件高温高压实验样品及其原样的电子顺磁共振研究,论述了温度、压力、应力、应变速率和应变强度等是影响变形煤化学结构演化的重要因素,但在不同的煤级中和不同的实验条件下,各因素所起的作用是不同的。变形煤ＥＰＲ参数的演化与镜质组反射率的变化密切相关,并且具有较好的规律性。说明镜质组反射率是煤化学结构演化的外在反映,是煤田构造研究中极为重要的标志物之一。     

音频大地电磁法与核磁共振法结合划分含水层的试验

为提高应用地球物理方法划分含水层的准确性,提出将音频大地电磁法与核磁共振法结合运用的综合方法。运用该方法在内蒙古巴彦宝力格盆地某区开展野外试验,并将试验结果与该区域供水水文地质详查报告中的水文地质剖面图进行了比对。结果表明：①试验区100 m深度范围内,该方法所揭示的含水层深度、厚度分布与水文地质剖面图基本一致;②据该方法,介质岩性为泥岩、粉质黏土、粉土、气孔状玄武岩和砂砾时,其衰减时间分别为≤30、30～60、60～120、120～260和260～600 ms,据此得到的介质岩性分布与水文地质剖面图高度吻合;③该方法得到的含水层含水量变化与水文地质剖面图的涌水量变化规律一致。因此,运用该方法划分含水层具有很强的可行性,在生产实践中具有推广价值。     

瓦斯压力对煤系页岩瓦斯吸附特性影响核磁共振谱试验研究

瓦斯压力是影响煤系页岩瓦斯吸附特性的关键因素。以阜新高瓦斯矿井清河门矿煤系页岩为研究对象,采用低场核磁共振（NMR）谱技术,通过向放有试样的夹持器中不断充入瓦斯,模拟煤系页岩瓦斯集聚赋存过程。以核磁共振T2谱幅值积分作为反映瓦斯吸附量定量化指标,从微细观角度定量研究瓦斯压力对吸附态和游离态瓦斯量影响规律。试验结果表明,（1）两个截止阈值确定了吸附态和游离态瓦斯T2谱曲线范围;（2）瓦斯压力对煤系页岩吸附态和游离态瓦斯增量均有显著影响。吸附态瓦斯增量变化受控于煤系页岩和瓦斯分子间作用力,而游离态瓦斯增量则主要与煤系页岩孔隙结构有关;（3）吸附态瓦斯量与瓦斯压力间关系符合朗格缪尔等温吸附方程,而游离态瓦斯与瓦斯压力呈3次函数关系;（4）以瓦斯T2谱均值变化幅度定量描述孔隙平均半径扩胀变形程度,随瓦斯压力增加,煤系页岩中～大孔隙结构均发生显著扩胀,平均半径增加1.47倍,而微孔隙结构尺寸未见明显变化。     

Winkler地基上材料非线性矩形薄板主参数共振-主共振研究

研究Winkler地基上材料非线性矩形薄板的参数共振-主共振问题。建立Winkler地基上材料非线性矩形薄板的动力学方程。利用Galerkin方法将其转化为非线性振动方程。应用非线性振动的多尺度法求得系统满足主参数共振-主共振条件的近似解,并进行数值计算。分析激励、调谐值、阻尼系数、非线性参数、几何参数对共振响应曲线的影响。     

核磁共振测深方法在多年冻土区找水中的应用

通过核磁共振测深( MRS)方法在多年冻土区找水实例的分析、解释,并结合钻孔资料的综合研究,对在多年冻土区利用MRS方法探测地下含水层埋深、厚度及地下水涌水量的计算进行了详细的解析,并取得了良好的应用效果。阐明了该方法在多年冻土区找水具有含水信号反映明显、信噪比高和具唯一性解析结果等的独特技术优势,也指出了该方法在判断含水层岩性、涌水量计算等方面存在的不足,揭示了MRS方法在多年冻土区寻找地下水的良好应用前景,为在多年冻土区寻找地下水提供了一定的借鉴经验。     

Petrophysical characterisation of tight sandstone gas reservoirs using nuclear magnetic resonance: a case study of the upper Paleozoic strata in the Kangning area,eastern margin of the Ordos Basin,China

Residual and movable porosity are significant parameters for characterising petrophysical properties, especially in tight reservoirs. Eight tight sandstone samples from the upper Paleozoic gas-bearing strata in the Kangning area, from the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), petrography, and porosity and permeability tests. The lithology and pore types were identified and classified using petrography and SEM. The residual and movable porosity were obtained with NMR. In addition, NMR was used to visualise pore structure and pore size distribution. The results suggest that the upper Paleozoic sandstones in the study area mainly comprise feldspathic litharenite and litharenite. The sandstone porosity and permeability are low, with means of 5.9% and 0.549 mD, respectively. Four pore types exist in the tight sandstones: residual primary pores, grain dissolution pores, micropores (clay-dominated) and microfractures. The T₂ spectra under water-saturated conditions correlate with pore size and can be used to distinguish small and large pores based on the transverse relaxation time cutoff value of 10 ms, which corresponds to a pore diameter of 0.232 μm. Small pores account for 72% of the pores in the tight sandstones. The continuous bimodal T₂ spectra suggest good connectivity between small and large pores, despite the low porosity and permeability. In this study, the movable porosity of the major tight sandstone gas reservoirs is higher than the residual porosity, which confirms the effective evaluation of movable porosity to tight sandstone reservoirs, based on NMR experiments.     

复杂岩性油田油气层综合评价——以XX29-2油田为例

XX29-2油田为复杂岩性油田,在近物源快速沉积背景下,储层岩性、物性变化快,纵向上为多期砂体叠置,平面上砂体相变快,非均质严重。根据岩心观察、岩石薄片鉴定、扫描电镜等资料,首先对XX29-2油田基础资料丰富的层段进行岩性识别,再利用岩矿与测井的结合,识别出无岩心、壁心等资料的层段,最终识别出研究区的岩性。又因XX29-2油田储层岩电特征复杂,电阻率测井受岩性影响较大,单纯依靠测井曲线识别油层和储层亦较困难,首先通过压汞、孔渗等资料结合岩性和沉积相对储层分类,再参考岩性、测井资料确定界限层,接着合理选择界限层进行测试,最后结合核磁共振等资料,综合识别该区的油层和储层。这种识别储层和油层的方法为渤海油田在复杂岩性中识别储层和油层提供了技术借鉴。     

综合小波分析与分形方法进行弱磁异常识别

利用小波分析塔式算法对单一分形模型数据进行处理,结合"随机共振"理论,对高精度弱磁异常中的噪声和误差进行有效的分析评价,依据趋势分析方法获得的剩余磁异常,提出"加窗移动"最小二乘方法对应用非整数阶微积分的布郎运动正态随机行走进行控制,为高精度弱磁异常的有效识别提供有益的指导.