Simultaneous measurements of peroxy and nitrate radicals at Schauinsland

We present simultaneous field measurements of NO₃ and peroxy radicals made at night in a forested area (Schauinsland, Black Forest, 48° N, 8° N, 1150 ASL), together with measurements of CO, O₃, NO _x , NO _y , and hydrocarbons, as well as meteorological parameters. NO₂, NO₃, HO₂, and (RO₂) radicals are detected with matrix isolation/electron spin resonance (MIESR). NO₃ and HO₂ were found to be present in the range of 0–10 ppt, whilst organic peroxy radicals reached concentrations of 40 ppt. NO₃, RO₂, and HO₂ exhibited strong variations, in contrast to the almost constant values of the longer lived trace gases. The data suggest anticorrelation between NO₃ and RO₂ radical concentrations at night.The measured trace gas set allows the calculation of NO₃ and peroxy radical concentrations, using a chemical box model. From these simulations, it is concluded that the observed anthropogenic hydrocarbons are not sufficient to explain the observed RO₂ concentrations. The chemical budget of both NO₃ and RO₂ radicals can be understood if emissions of monoterpenes are included. The measured HO₂ can only be explained by the model, when NO concentrations at night of around 5 ppt are assumed to be present. The presence of HO₂ radicals implies the presence of hydroxyl radicals at night in concentrations of up to 10⁵ cm^–3.     

随机共振新实例--卫星热红外温度异常点的发现及其意义

卫星热红外温度异常点是天线附近背景噪声与地球信息随机共振的结果。温度异常点是卫星热红外图像新的信息源，温度异常点在利用卫星热红外信息和研究地球脉搏方面可以发挥重要作用。卫星热红外温度异常点的发现开拓了随机共振应用的新领域。     

Tri-frequency spectrum method and results for resolving the parameters of Earth’s liquid core free nutation

The parameters of Earth free core nutation (FCN) are two relatively significant geophysical parameters. Sasao et al. (1980) and Wahr and Bergen (1986) provided the theoretical estimation values of FCN parameters. Gwinn, Herring and Shapiro (1987) first obtained the observational values of FCN parameters by very long base Interference (VLBI) at Cambridge University. In the same year, Neuberg and Zürn in former West Germany and Hinderer in France began to retrieve FCN parameters by the observation of gravity tides and introduced the stacking method. The other scholars who researched into the same geophysical problems by applying the data of gravity tides basically followed the stacking method. The results they reached were similar to the observational result of FCN parameters given by Neuberg et al. in 1987. But the observational results of FCN parameters gained from gravity tides were not identical with those from VLBI, mainly because of the large difference of quality of FCN. So there was not an affirmative observational result of FCN parameters since then. In this paper, The authors firstly introduce the tri-frequency spectrum method with clearly geometrical and geophysical meaning for the resolution of FCN parameters, and the observational results of FCN parameters obtained from tide data at three superconducting gravity stations were accordant with those from VLBI, which will be relatively important to arriving at a certain observational result of FCN parameters.     

New Progress in the Application of Satellite Thermal Infrared Imagery to Earthquake Prediction

The concept of stochastic resonance(SR) has been introduced into the analysis of satellite thermal infrared images.Six kinds of anomalous phenomena related to crustal movement were recognized in satellite thermal infrared images.Six diagnostic indicators for the prediction of global earthquakes with magnitude≥6.0 and their quantitative evaluation standards have been established.The microscopic behavior of global crustal movement is successfully controlled by using satellite thermal infrared imagery,and the occurrence time and magnitude of over 80% of global strong earthquakes occureed since the foundation of the observation station have been successfully predicted.It is believed that the combination of satellite thermal infrared information with macroscopic anomalous phenomena will play an important role in earthquake hazerd reduction.     

Tri-frequency spectrum method and results for resolving the parameters of Earth's liquid core free nutation

The parameters of Earth free core nutation (FCN) are two relatively significant geophysical parameters. Sasao et al. (1980) and Wahr and Bergen (1986) provided the theoretical estimation values of FCN parameters. Gwinn, Herring and Shapiro (1987) first obtained the observational values of FCN parameters by very long base Interference (VLBI) at Cambridge University. In the same year, Neuberg and Zürn in former West Germany and Hinderer in France began to retrieve FCN parameters by the observation of gravity tides and introduced the stacking method. The other scholars who researched into the same geophysical problems by applying the data of gravity tides basically followed the stacking method. The results they reached were similar to the observational result of FCN parameters given by Neuberg et al. in 1987. But the observational results of FCN parameters gained from gravity tides were not identical with those from VLBI, mainly because of the large difference of quality of FCN. So there was not an affirmative observational result of FCN parameters since then. In this paper, The authors firstly introduce the tri-frequency spectrum method with clearly geometrical and geophysical meaning for the resolution of FCN parameters, and the observational results of FCN parameters obtained from tide data at three superconducting gravity stations were accordant with those from VLBI, which will be relatively important to arriving at a certain observational result of FCN parameters.     

Study of the Earth's free core nutation by tidal gravity data recorded with international superconducting gravimeters

By stacking high-precision tidal gravity observations obtained with superconducting gravimeters at six stations in China, Japan, Belgium, France, Germany and Finland, the local systematical discrepancies in the parameter fitting, caused by atmospheric, oceanic tidal loading and the other local environmental perturbations, are eliminated effectively. As a result, the resonance parameters of the Earth's free core nutation are accurately determined. In this study, the eigenperiod of free core nutation is given as 429.0 sidereal days, which is in agreement with those published in the previous studies. It is about 30 sidereal days less than those calculated in theoretical models (about 460 sidereal days), which confirms the real ellipticity of the fluid core of the Earth to be about 5% larger than the one expected in assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. The quality factor (Q value) of free core nutation is given as about 9543, which, compared with those determined before based on the body tide observations, is much larger, but more close to those obtained using the VLBI observations. The complex resonance strength is also determined as (?6.10(10?4, ?0.01(10?4)(/h, which can principally describe the deformation characteristics of an anelastic mantle.     

长三角典型城郊流域溶解性有机质的分子特征:以浙江樟溪为例

溶解性有机质(DOM)在流域水环境中广泛存在,参与各种生物地球化学循环过程。快速的城镇化过程和人类活动显著改变了流域水体DOM含量和特性,从分子层面上解析DOM在流域尺度上的时空分异特征对流域水质管控具有重要的理论和应用价值。以长三角地区樟溪流域为研究对象,依据土地利用和人类活动强度布设采样点,于2022年7月采集水样。结果表明,樟溪流域水体溶解性有机物主要的分子式元素组成为CHO、CHON、CHOS,其中木质素/富羧酸脂环分子类有机物相对占比最高。在子流域空间分布上,人类活动强的子流域CHON、CHONS类型化合物含量更高。选取采样点距城镇距离、距源头距离以及土地利用类型所占采样点缓冲区的比例来表征人类活动的影响。结果表明,流域内DOM杂原子受人类活动强度影响,距源头的距离与水体DOM分子中氮原子的强度加权平均值(N_wa)和CHON化合物百分呈显著正相关,与碳、氢原子和荷质比的强度加权平均值(C_wa、H_wa、m/z_wa)呈显著负相关。CHON分子的相对丰度与林地面积比例呈显著负相关,与农业用地比例呈显著正相关。比较具有典型土地利用类型的水体DOM:典型农田、城镇土地利用类型DOM含有更多独特的CHON分子式,农田DOM在木质素/富羧酸脂环分子区域出现CHON分子式的富集,城镇DOM在脂肪类和木质素/富羧酸脂环分子区域均出现了CHON分子式富集。研究表明在城郊流域中,人类活动显著改变了水体DOM的分子特征,增加了分子多样性,促进了特定分子式的富集。     

脑皮质层状坏死的影像学表现

目的:分析脑皮质层状坏死(CLN)的影像学表现特点,提高诊断及鉴别诊断能力。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年11月经CT及MRI随访诊断的77例CLN患者的临床影像学资料,总结其病因及影像表现特点。77例CLN患者中男45例,女32例,年龄24~88岁(平均66.53±3.1岁)。本组均行MRI检查,71例同时行CT检查,均有3次以上影像学检查资料(平均3.8次),随访复查时间20d~18m(平均2.3月)。结果:77例中脑梗死58例,创伤性颅脑损伤9例,自发性脑出血5例,脑肿瘤术后4例,缺血缺氧性脑病1例。77例中累及双侧大脑半球者3例,单侧大脑半球病变74例。单个脑叶受累28例,两个脑叶受累35例,多个脑叶受累14例。影像学随访可见病灶侧皮层弥漫性或局灶性萎缩,皮质表面线状或沿脑回走行的CT平扫高密度及MRI T1WI高信号,部分病灶可深达基底节区或海马区。结论:CLN病因复杂多样,影像学随访中CT平扫脑皮质出现脑回状高密度影及MRI上T1WI脑回状高信号,结合临床病史可做出准确诊断。      

Modelling the impact of a time-varying wave angle on the nonlinear evolution of sand bars in the surf zone

Sandy beaches are often characterized by the presence of sand bars, whose characteristics (growth, migration speed, etc.) strongly depend on offshore wave conditions, such as wave height and angle of wave incidence. This study addresses the impact of a sinusoidally time-varying wave angle of incidence with different time-means on the saturation height, migration speed and longshore spacing of sand bars. Model results show that shore-transverse sand bars (so-called TBR bars) eventually develop under a time-varying wave angle. Depending on the time-mean, amplitude and period of the varying angle of wave incidence, the mean heights and mean migration speeds of the bars can be larger or smaller than their corresponding values in the case of time-invariant angles. Bars might not even form when the wave angle varies around a too large oblique mean value, whereas bars exist in the case of a time-invariant wave angle. The oscillations in both bar height and migration speed are large if the period of the time-varying wave angle is close to the adjustment timescale of the system and if large differences in the local growth and migration rates of the bars occur during one oscillation period. The oscillations in bar height are a combination of harmonics with the principal period and half the period of the time-varying wave angle, whereas those of migration speed contain only the principal period. Bars that are subject to time-varying wave angles have larger longshore crest-to-crest spacings than those which form under fixed wave angles. Physical explanations for these findings are given. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd