岩样中包体构造的CT实验探测

CT技术图象重建方法可分为变换法和代数法两大类。本文讨论了几种代数重建法的特点,开展了地球物理CT技术在岩石实验中应用的探讨性工作。研究表明,实验数据的测量误差直接影响着反演结果,当测量误差比较大时,即使数据量很大,也难以提高反演结果的分辨。岩样的吸收、换能器与样品的耦合、岩样均匀性等因素对实验数据的测量精度都有着重要的影响。文中还针对实验条件进行了数值模拟,以检验本方案的可行性,并对当前流行的BPT、ART和SIRT算法及其组合算法的成象能力结合本实验的条件进行了性能的比较。结果表明:BPT方法计算简单,但所给出的图象偏粗糙,特别是在井间观测时水平方向的分辨率较差;ART方法收敛速度快,图象的反差大,反演结果的高频成分比较丰富,但边界异常大;SIRT方法收敛速度慢,图象的低频比较好,结构平滑,边界异常小,反演受测量误差的影响比较小。综合了ART和SIRT两种反演方法特点的ART-SIRT联合反演方法比较理想,发挥出了各自的长处。     

滦河流域碳、水循环和能量平衡遥感综合试验总体设计

始于20世纪80年代的系列大型遥感试验开始系统研究地表物质和能量交换过程,对遥感与地球系统科学研究的结合起到重要作用,但是尚无综合利用多源遥感数据解决碳、水、能量循环问题的有效方案.遥感科学国家重点实验室于滦河上游地区组织开展基础性、多学科、多尺度的"碳、水循环和能量平衡遥感综合试验".本次试验面向地球系统科学对遥感观...     

常顶瓦斯油吸附法脱除微量氯的实验研究

炼油厂将常压塔顶油和减一线油作为重整原料,但由于氯含量过高(30×10-6)无法利用,传统方法是将其中的有机氯转化为无机氯化氢后脱除,但其对加氢催化剂有毒害,采用常顶瓦斯油吸附法可直接脱除微量氯。     

郑州市南郊地热井勘探

本文简要介绍了郑州市水文地质和地热地质条件 ;分析解释了在郑州市芦邢庄进行地热井定位勘探时取得的激电测深资料 ;确定了具体的地热钻探井位 ,给出了该井成井后的实际水温、水量等参数     

红外仪激电仪超前探水技术研究

在１００号矿体工程的斜井开拓中,用构造推断及红外仪激电仪进行超前探水预测预报,经过现场实测、跟踪监测及含水曲线的研究分析,准确预报了前方含水构造部位,防止了水害,加快完成了该矿体的开拓,取得了明显的经济效益。     

Experimental evidence for eukaryotic fossil preservation: Onion skin cells in silica solution

Research on the origin of eukaryotes often focuses on the exceptional preservation found in silicified Precambrian fossils. Nuclei like subcellular structures in well-preserved fossil becomes confusion and arguments, which focus on whether the partial degradation of prokaryotes produces artifacts that resemble a ‘nucleus’, or fossilized nuclei of eukaryotes. In order to understand the mechanisms of silicification and identify the fossilized subcellular and microstructures in rocks, a series of laboratory controlled experiments were performed for simulating the silicification process. The effects of different silica solutions in eukaryote fossilization were studied in our experiments by exposing onion skin cells (epidermis) to silica solutions. Onion skin provides a good experimental model because of its well characterized cellular structures which are easily observed. The designed experiments revealed that the possibility of onion cell preserved as a “fossil” with nuclear structures, the first week fossilization, or mineralization as rapid as 1 week is important. And the experiment also revealed interactions between silica and the onion skin cell wall surface functional groups were weak. The preservation of nuclei in the onion skin model was due to precipitation in highly supersaturated silica solutions rather than simply the high silica concentration. When the silica gel precipitates slowly at low supersaturation states, the nuclei were not well preserved, but the rapid precipitation at high supersaturated silica conditions preserved nuclear structures. A better understanding of the processes involved in onion skin fossilization will further contribute to issues concerning the silicification of other eukaryotic materials.     

三维坑道直流聚焦法超前探测技术

对坑道超前探测方法中的三维坑道直流聚焦法的电极组合作了研究.计算、分析了2个同性点电源的电流分布规律,指出由于电流的相互排斥作用,电流密度在这两个点电源的中垂线下一定深度处产生最大值,这个深度与这两个点源之间的距离成正比.基于上述理由,设计出3种电极组合:四点电源、五点电源和九点电源布极方式.用三维有限单元数值模拟的方法计算了上述3种电极系的空间电位分布,发现九点电源方式对电流聚束效果较好,而且当主电极电流小于屏蔽电极电流时效果最好.     

全球纬向平均的海气耦合一维模式分析

本文从能量平衡角度,考虑海气相互作用和纬向间的差异,设计了一个纬向平均的海气耦合一维模式,进行了模式平衡态求解、敏感性试验以及随机分析。并对模式部分计算结果进行了与实测资料的比较,验证了模式的合理性和可信性。     

某核废物填埋区土壤对Sr吸附的动态模拟实验研究

目前,我国处理极低放废物采用的是就近地质填埋的方法,通过选择合适的吸附材料及添加剂,建立人工屏障,以最大限度地阻滞核素进入与人类生活有关的自然环境中。这里通过研究某地土壤对Sr的吸附,做了动态模拟试验,建立了动态模型,进行不同高度柱体的对比实验。经实验表明：填埋区土壤TY29＋1％人造沸石作为填埋场屏障材料,可营造“碱性～还原”氛围,对阻滞Sr迁移非常有效。不同高度柱体对比实验表明：当柱高度之比为1：2：3,C／C0=0．5时,其累计输出的流量之比为1：1．96：2．16,平均渗透系数分别为：0．62、0．52、0．54。由此可见,随高度增加,吸附性能呈增高的趋势,且柱体渗透性降低。在柱体吸附一段时间后,三个柱的吸附能力都出现了减小的突越,这与在吸附过程中前期为物理吸附进行的较快,后期为化学吸附进行的较慢有关。     

The Late Miocene climate response to a modern Sahara desert

The climate cooling and vegetation changes in the Miocene/Pliocene are generally well documented by various proxy data. Some important ecosystem changes occurred at that time. Palaeobotanical evidence suggests that the Sahara desert first appeared in the Pliocene, whereas in the Miocene North Africa was green. In the present study, we investigate the Late Miocene climate response to the appearance of the Sahara desert from a climate modelling sensitivity experiment. We compare a model experiment, which includes a full set of Late Miocene boundary conditions, with another one using the same boundary conditions except that the North African vegetation refers to the present-day situation. Our sensitivity study demonstrates that the introduction of the Sahara desert leads to a cooling and an aridification in Africa. In addition, we observe teleconnection patterns related to the North African desertification at around the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. From our sensitivity experiment, we observe that the Sahara contributes to a cooling in Central Asia and in North America. As compared to hypsodonty data for Central Asia, an increased aridity is underestimated in the Sahara experiment. Finally, we observe that the introduction of the Sahara leads to a cooling in the northern high latitudes. Hence, our sensitivity experiment indicates that the appearance of the Sahara desert is one piece to better understand Late Cenozoic climate cooling being most pronounced in the high latitudes.