基于图形界面的波形相关法拾取远震相对走时残差

利用图形界面操作集成两种波形相关法(多道互相关和自适应叠加)拾取远震走时残差,在该软件包中地震学研究者通过轻松点击鼠标等基本操作即可实现数据的预处理、地震波形的质量控制、走时残差结果的显示及对比分析等操作,提高远震震相走时残差的拾取效率和准确度.     

地震定位方法适用性分析

选取辽宁区域三种不同类型的六次地震事件,运用单纯型、Hyposat、HYP2000三种定位方法对其进行重新定位,产出的结果进行对比分析。结果表明,Hyposat方法在定位这三种类型的地震时,残差范围最小最为稳定,定位网内地震时震中差也相对比较小,较适用于内陆地震和矿震的地震定位。     

北京地震台地震走时表的研制

长期地震观测发现,北京地震台实际地震记录的震相走时与全球地震走时表IASP91之间存在走时偏差。结合北京地震台及周边地下40km精细速度结构的研究成果和AK135模型,构建其地震走时表的计算模型。通过对该地震台2003--2008年NCDSN地震观测实际走时比对,对模型结构进行修正,最终建立北京地震台地震走时表。     

近50 a博斯腾湖逐年水量收支估算与水平衡分析

据博斯腾湖流域1958-2010年期间主要河流开都河、黄水沟、清水河、孔雀河的逐年流量资料,结合焉耆盆地降水、蒸发要素的同期观测资料,对大湖区的逐年水量收支进行计算,并依据水量平衡原理对博湖大湖区残差水量进行了逐年分析。结果表明：（1）1958-2010年期间年均入湖水量14.34×10⁸ m³/a,其中入湖河水约占95%;年均输出水量13.96×10⁸ m³/a,其中大湖区输入孔雀河水量约占43%,湖面蒸发耗水量占57%;湖区年均蓄水量71.57±3.92×10⁸ m³10⁸ m³/a,湖水年均水位为1 047.01±0.94 m;（2）极端水文年度水量平衡分析指出：1986年为最枯年份,入湖河水是多年平均值的62%,而出湖河水量是多年平均值的153%,导致年内湖区水位下降0.94 m;2002年最丰年份入湖河水是多年平均值的2.6倍,致使年内水位上升0.80 m;（3）残差水量逐年“正负”变化指出,湖水与地下水之间存在互补关系,过去53 a间湖水补给地下水的年均水量为0.87×10⁸ m³/a。     

精河定点形变受气象因素影响探索

收集整理新疆精河地震台数字化形变资料和该地区的气象要素观测资料,利用相关和回归分析,研究精河定点形变与气象要素之间的关系和气象因素对精河数字化形变观测资料的影响特征,并给出精河数字化形变观测资料与气象要素之间的回归方程.     

利用J-B地震走时表和IASPEI走时表计算P波残差分析黑龙江省国家测震台的区域地震误差成因

利用黑龙江省国家测震台接收到的日本本岛及周边海域、台湾岛东北部及附近海域、中国大陆东北深震区以及中国东北与俄罗斯交界处部分地震,使用J-B地震走时表和IASPEI走时表分别计算P波走时残差,探讨黑龙江省测震台站接收研究区域地震事件误差成因。     

用重力异常逐级余差计算重力大地水准面

本文将计算重力大地水准面的频域方法推广至空域，提出了一种新的用重力数据和重力模型位系数联合确定大地水准面的方法。利用重力异常的逐级余差实施积分，使得通常的Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ积分方法具有明确的频域分析含义，可按精度要求确定出使用重力异常余差的块形大小及积分半径ψｏ。     

Analysis of nonintrinsic spatial variability by residual kriging with application to regional groundwater levels

A method for obtaining pointwise or spatially averaged estimates of a nonintrinsic function is introduced based on residual kriging. The method relies on a stepwise iterative regression process for simultaneously estimating the global drift and residual semivariogram. Estimates of the function are then obtained by solving a modified set of simple kriging equations written for the residuals. The modification consists of replacing the true variogram in the kriging equations by the variogram of the residual estimates as obtained from the iterative regression process. The method is illustrated by considering groundwater levels in an Arizona aquifer. The results are compared with those obtained for the aquifer by the generalized covariance package BLUEPACK-3D.     

The M<Subscript>D</Subscript> Scale in Northern Morocco: A Comparative Study of Two Empirical Approaches

We have derived, evaluated, and compared two empirical methods for computing duration magnitude M _D from 25 short-period vertical component stations of the Northern Morocco Seismic Network (NMSN). M _D has been scaled to IGN (Insituto Geograpfico National, Spain) body-wave magnitude (mb ^IGN ), using a set of 479 shallow (less than 30 km) earthquakes recorded from March 1992 to February 2001, with 2.5 ≤ mb ^IGN ≤ 5.4. In the first approach: Individual Network Calibration, we determined an individual M _D formula for each station. In the second approach: Global Network Calibration, we used a single relationship to compute M _Dij (from the jth observation for the i-th earthquake) magnitudes at 25 selected stations as: M _Dij = − 0.14 +1.63 log₁₀ (τ _ij )+0.031(Δij)+cSta _j . Residuals (M _Dij − mb ^IGN ) for both techniques were thereafter deduced. Comparison between the two approaches provided the principal results: (1) The mean correlation between estimated magnitude; M _Dij and reference magnitude; mb ^IGN is about 89.9% for the individual calibration method, and near 95% for global calibration method in which station corrections cSta _j were introduced, (2) Residuals (M _Dij − mb ^IGN ) are relatively large, and are ranging between − 0.60 and 0.60 magnitude units, for the individual calibration method, whereas they vary in the range − 0.38 to 0.40, for the global calibration method with corrections; cSta _j . (3) A random distribution of residuals (M _Dij − mb ^IGN ) is observed for each station in the case of the individual approach. Thus, the resulting average of these residuals is almost equal to zero. Using a global calibration without corrections results in negative residuals for a group stations and positive residuals for another an group indicating respectively that sites corresponding to these groups have a tendency to underestimate, or overestimate observed magnitude values.     

一种改进的LiDAR数据过滤方法

Lidar的数据过滤是数据预处理的重要步骤,也是获取高精度数字高程模型的关键。现有很多典型的过滤算法都是基于地面种子点逐渐恢复地面的,比如自适应TIN过滤法、迭代线性预测法,分层恢复过滤法等。初始地面种子点选择的好坏将直接反映到过滤结果的精度上,尤其是对丘陵地区的地形恢复,影响更大。本文对基于种子点的TIN三角网加密法(TS过滤算法)进行了深入剖析,并在种子点选择方法上提出了一种基于移动窗口法和最小残差法的混合式种子点选择方法,有效地提高丘陵地区地形恢复的准确度。