Earthquake precursors detected by astronomical observations

Introduction Some earthquake precursors can be obtained by analyzing the local vertical variation through monitoring the residual anomalies of both universal time and latitude obtained by astrometric observations, and such a view has been verified by different earthquakes (LI, et al, 1978; HAN, 1993). The deviation and increment of local plumb line are possibly caused by the change of direction of gravity acceleration that aroused by ground mass activities before earthquakes. The other part …     

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Reconstructing and understanding the impacts of storms and surges,southern North Sea

Coastal barriers are ubiquitous globally and provide a vital protective role to valuable landforms, habitats and communities located to landward. They are, however, vulnerable to extreme water levels and storm wave impacts. A detailed record of sub‐annual to annual; decadal; and centennial rates of shoreline retreat in frontages characterized by both high (> 3 m) and low (< 1 m) dunes is established for a barrier island on the UK east coast. For four storms (2006–2013) we match still water levels and peak significant wave heights against shoreline change at high levels of spatial densification. The results suggest that, at least in the short‐term, shoreline retreat, of typically 5–8 m, is primarily driven by individual events, separated by varying periods of barrier stasis. Over decadal timescales, significant inter‐decadal changes can be seen in both barrier onshore retreat rates and in barrier extension rates alongshore. Whilst the alongshore variability in barrier migration seen in the short‐term remains at the decadal scale, shoreline change at the centennial stage shows little alongshore variability between a region of barrier retreat (at 1.15 m a^?1) and one of barrier extension. A data‐mining approach, synchronizing all the variables that drive shoreline change (still water level, timing of high spring tides and peak significant wave heights), is an essential requirement for validating models that predict future shoreline responses under changing sea level and storminess. © 2016 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

The LAGEOS satellites orbital residuals determination and the Lense-Thirring effect measurement

The method applied since 1996 for the analysis of the orbital residuals of the LAGEOS satellites in order to measure the Lense-Thirring effect has been the subject of the present work. This method, based on the difference between the orbital elements of consecutive arcs, is explained and analysed also from the analytical point of view. It is proved that this “difference method” works well for the determination of the secular effects, as in the case of the relativistic precession induced by the Earth's angular momentum, but also very useful for the determination and study of the long-term periodic effects. Indeed, the only limitation in the determination of the periodic effects is the possibility of the reduction of their amplitude by a factor which depends from the periodicity of the given perturbation and from the orbital arc length chosen for the satellite during the data analysis. In the case of the Yarkovsky-Schach effect, the main non-gravitational perturbation seen in the LAGEOS satellites orbital residuals, in particular in its perigee rate and eccentricity vector excitation residuals, we show that the “difference method” is quite good also for the determination of the long-period perturbations induced by this subtle non-conservative force.     

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Surfer软件中高程数据内插方法比较分析

为了获取模拟连续地表高程时的规则格网DEM数据,需要对离散的高程点数据进行内插计算,内插后计算精度的好坏与内插方法的选择密切相关。此处针对Surfer10.0软件提供的12种内插方法,选取1∶5万高程数据进行了离散点内插生成DEM的实验。先从基础性目视研究中得出一定结论,而后通过耗时、DEM三维可视化效果、残差计算等方面采用层层递进、逐一排除的方式对剩下各种内插方法进行比较研究,得出实用的结论。     

EIGEN－6C2重力场模型与中国陆地和岛礁GNSS水准符合性的分析

将我国沿海13个省市的陆地和岛礁上的2917个GNSS水准点的实测高程异常,分别与EGM2008, EIGEN－6C,EIGEN－6C2,GO＿CONS＿GCF＿2＿DIR＿R4和GOCO03S这5个重力场模型的不同截断阶次模型高程异常,按照地形类别进行外部精度检验,最后得出了到目前为止EIGEN－6 C2重力场模型与我国实测高程异常符合性最好的结论。     

低成本GNSS模块RTK性能比较分析

针对低成本GNSS模块及天线类型直接影响RTK性能的问题,该文选取了具有代表性的3种GNSS定位模块华大HD9310、UBLOX NEO-M8T、UBLOX ZED-F9P,以及测地型天线U35和螺旋天线BT-3070两种不同类型的天线。采集GNSS天线和模块不同组合的原始观测数据,深入分析了不同组合的原始GNSS数据的信噪比、模糊度解算初始化时间、伪距与载波相位的双差残差以及定位精度。结果表明:U35天线性能优于BT-3070天线;ZED-F9P模块性能优于NEO-M8T模块和HD9310模块。实验结果可为无人设备、工程测量等领域选取合适的RTK组合提供参考。