雄安新区雾迷山组岩溶热储成储机制及发育模式

雄安新区雾迷山组地热资源丰富,研究其岩溶热储特征及其形成机理对于雄安新区清洁地热资源的开发利用具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。前人已经对该区雾迷山组油气储集层的分布、古岩溶、成岩作用、储集空间等特征做过一定的研究,但对于该区雾迷山组地热资源的成储机制、特别是3期岩溶等成岩特征尚缺乏系统性的研究。充分利用野外露头、岩心、薄片和测录井等地质及地球物理资料,并结合区域地质背景的分析,对雄安新区雾迷山组的岩石学特征、成岩作用、岩溶热储的成储机制进行了深入研究,并建立了雄安新区雾迷山组岩溶热储的发育模式。结果表明：(1)雄安新区雾迷山组主要岩性为白云岩,主要的储集空间为次生孔隙和构造缝—构造溶蚀缝,热储孔渗变化较大;(2)雄安新区最主要的建设性成岩作用是3种溶蚀作用,包括同生—准同生溶蚀、表生溶蚀和埋藏溶蚀,主要破坏性成岩作用是压实作用和胶结作用;(3)根据构造演化、岩心及测井资料,将表生溶蚀作用划分为3期,分别是芹峪期、印支期和燕山—喜山期。芹峪期雾迷山组局部出露遭受淋滤,形成的溶孔经后期改造后不易识别;印支期大部分区域抬升并遭受淋滤,形成高孔渗储集层,后期遭受了进一步改造;燕山—喜山期是雄安新...     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬源—陇东地区三叠系延长组长7段致密储层成岩作用

鄂尔多斯盆地姬源—陇东地区三叠系延长组长7段致密储层主要为发育在深湖亚相中的浊积岩,部分为三角洲前缘亚相中的水下分流河道砂体。前人对致密储层成岩作用的研究较少,需弄清成岩作用对致密储层孔隙发育的影响。通过铸体薄片与扫描电镜对大量钻井取心样品进行观察与分析,认为影响研究区长7段致密储层孔隙类型与规模的成岩作用主要包括压实压溶作用、胶结作用与溶解作用3种类型,压实作用是储层致密的主要因素,特别是发育在三角洲前缘分流间湾和浊积扇边缘的薄层砂体,在压力作用下更易受到泥岩排出孔隙水的影响,形成方解石胶结。伊利石胶结与方解石胶结进一步使得储层致密。少量的绿泥石薄膜成为残余粒间孔保留与包裹岩屑颗粒后期溶蚀的基础,溶蚀作用是研究区储层孔隙形成的主要作用。成岩作用的研究为储层物性的研究提供了进一步依据。     

陕西省某钼矿区矿山地质环境动态变化研究

以ArcGIS为平台,根据陕西省某钼矿区矿山自然地理、地质背景、矿山开发影响等实际因素,选取对2008年和2011年两期与矿山地质环境有关的影响因子作为基础数据,进行定量分析,从而确定人类采矿活动对矿山环境变化趋势的影响。通过对两期矿山地质环境评价结果相叠加和统计分析,得到矿山地质环境动态监测结果数据,由此分析两个时期的矿山地质环境变化趋势,实现对其动态监测的目的。     

GPS技术在金川露天矿边坡变形监测中的应用

本文结合金川露天矿边坡变形GPS监测研究,主要论述监测基点的选择,基点WGS-84坐标的确定,变形监测网的布设,GPS数据采集、处理和质量,坐标转换的实施等,给出反演推出的若干四等三角点及其它控制点的变形数据,这些数据和造成变形的物理成因符合得很好,最后概括出GPS技术应用于变形观测的若干优点。     

陡坡复杂扇体油藏评价思路与方法

本文以东营凹陷北部陡坡带为例论述了陆相断陷盆地陡坡复杂扇体油藏评价思路与方法。分析了陡坡带特殊性及复杂性,针对复杂扇体油藏精细等时地层对比、控砂机制、有效储层划分和油气分布的纵向分带性提出了有效的研究方法,并形成了一整套有针对性的勘探技术流程,在东营凹陷乃至济阳坳陷具有较好的推广前景。     

Application of a vessel monitoring system to advance sustainable fisheries management—Benefits received in Taiwan

Vessel monitoring systems (VMS) are considered important instruments for fisheries monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) to reverse the current depressed state of the world’s fisheries, and have been mandated worldwide by fishery management agencies. The essential function of the system is to provide near-real time vessel position; the potential applications could, however, be more than that. This study explores the additional benefits, with practical examples, that Taiwan has received from implementing the system: in improving the quantity and quality of logbooks recovered, obtaining access to fishery-independent fishing effort estimates and prompt catch/effort reporting, enabling the possibility of regional management and understanding of both fleet dynamics and vessel behavior, and increasing efficiency of vessel safety protection. For other distant-water fishing nations, Taiwan’s experiences serve to demonstrate how the application of VMS technology can advance sustainable fisheries management.     

同位素地球化学在地震监测预测研究中的应用进展

随着新观测技术和理论的进一步发展,同位素地球化学方法在地震监测预测研究中发挥了越来越重要的作用。通过同位素地球化学方法确定地下流体来源,研究地下流体循环特征,分析地震前兆异常的成因,评估地质构造活动的程度,开展地震预测研究。同位素示踪技术还可以结合深源流体监测和地球物理方法,揭示地震孕育、流体与震源之间的关系。此外,同位素地球化学还可以构建断裂带流体地球化学背景特征,用于地震监测点映震效能的评估,提高地震监测预测的准确性,为地震新监测点的布设和震情跟踪提供技术支撑。通过对现今同位素在地震监测预测中所使用的方法、技术及国内外应用情况的总结分析,力图全面认识同位素地球化学在地震监测预测应用中的现状及发展趋势。     

Geomechanical modelling to assess fault integrity at the CO2CRC Otway Project,Australia

This paper presents the first published 3D geomechanical modelling study of the CO2CRC Otway Project, located in the state of Victoria, Australia. The results of this work contribute to one of the main objectives of the CO2CRC, which is to demonstrate the feasibility of CO₂ storage in a depleted gas reservoir. With this aim in mind, a one-way coupled flow and geomechanics model is presented, with the capability of predicting changes to the in situ stress field caused by changes in reservoir pressure owing to CO₂ production and injection. A parametric study investigating the pore pressures required to reactivate key, reservoir-bounding faults has been conducted, and the results from the numerical simulation and analytical analysis are compared. The numerical simulation indicates that the critical pore fluid pressure to cause fault reactivation is 1.15 times the original pressure as opposed to 1.5 times for the comparable analytical model. Possible reasons for the differences between the numerical and analytical models can be ascribed to the higher degree of complexity incorporated in the numerical model. Heterogeneity in terms of lateral variations of hydrological and mechanical parameters, effect of topography, presence of faults and interaction between cells are considered to be the main sources for the different estimation of critical pore pressure. The numerical model, which incorporates this greater complexity, is able then to better describe the state of stress that acts in the subsurface compared with a simple 1D analytical model. Moreover, the reactivation pressures depend mainly on the state of stress described; therefore we suggest that numerical models be performed when possible.     

基于DSC模型的房屋开裂评估与监测分析

城市隧道下穿时,普遍存在着地表房屋变形超限、倾斜开裂等安全风险问题,而且当前针对房屋变形开裂的计算分析、风险评估研究,也严重滞后于实际工程的需要。通过综合分析、比选,以及单、三轴试验验证表明：DSC（disturbed state concept）本构模型能够较好地描述材料开裂后力学行为;采用该模型并结合厦门机场路隧道下穿建筑群的工程实践,对地表建筑群开裂进行定量评估,评估结果与现场房屋裂缝监测、变形监测结果一致性良好。同时,对照扰动变量与实际房屋开裂的对应关系,发现扰动变量可以作为房屋开裂的定量安全指标,进一步即可以建立房屋变形开裂的过程控制标准,从而使隧道下穿过程中每个关键施工部、每个时段,地表房屋变形开裂程度、开裂风险都可以进行量化评估。     

Formation of chlorite rims and the impact of pore-lining chlorite on reservoir quality: a case study from Shiqianfeng sandstones in upper Permian of Dongpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,eastern China

The source material, precursor and formation processes of chlorite rims, and impact of pore-lining chlorite on reservoir quality of the Shiqianfeng sandstones, Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China, are studied using an integrated approach, including core observation, point-count analysis of thin-sections, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis and cathode luminescence. The petrographic analysis shows that chlorite rims consist of grain-coating chlorite, poorly crystalline pore-lining chlorite and euhedral-crystallised pore-lining chlorite. The chemical composition shows that pore-lining chlorite is mainly Fe-rich with an average of 0.785 for Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio. Petrographic analysis shows a large amount of volcanic dust (3.0～16.0 vol%, average of 7.93 vol%) in Shiqianfeng sandstones, which determines the formation of poorly crystalline pore-lining chlorite. Transformation of volcanic dust to smectite rims started with shallow burial depth at an early diagenetic stage, followed by in situ alteration of the smectite rims to poorly crystalline chlorite rims. Euhedral-crystallised chlorite mainly develops in sandstones with high porosity, high permeability and open flow systems. Pore-lining chlorite can inhibit quartz overgrowth but cannot effectively prevent pore-filling of authigenic quartz, carbonate and kaolinite cements, and therefore cannot prevent porosity destruction. However, the occurrence of pore-lining chlorite is a barometer of good reservoir quality and intense hydrodynamic conditions.