土壤水环境中有机污染物生物处理过程模型研究

生物处理是一种经济有效处理土壤水环境中有机污染物的手段,本文在研究土地生物处理过程的基础上,建立了综合描述有机污染物在土壤－水－微生物系统中扩散、吸附／解吸、屏蔽和生物降解过程的数学模型。为确定模型中各参数在模型计算中的作用和相对重要性,进行了参数灵敏度分析,预计数学模型可以定量预测有机污染物进行土地生物处理所需的要时间和程度,为构建土地生物处理工程提供参考。     

岩溶水硝酸盐污染原位修复试验

岩溶含水层的极不均一性特征使岩溶水溶质运移受构造、裂隙空间及其发育方向控制;因环境条件复杂,开展岩溶水污染原位修复技术难度较大,截止目前,国内尚未系统地开展岩溶含水层水污染原位修复研究工作。文章选择鲁中南山区典型岩溶发育及硝酸盐污染地段,施工组合钻孔建设修复试验工程,采用“乙醇+葡萄糖”液态碳源和“聚乙烯醇+淀粉颗粒”固态反应器分别进行岩溶水硝酸盐污染原位修复试验。结果表明:浓度500 mg?L－1、1 000 mg?L－1的“乙醇+葡萄糖”反硝化溶液对硝酸盐浓度的降解率分别为6.45 %和21.52 %;单位长度组成材料“聚乙烯醇3 kg+淀粉颗粒3 kg”、“聚乙烯醇2 kg+淀粉颗粒4 kg”的两种反硝化固态反应器对硝酸盐浓度的降解率分为33.91%和34.96%。试验证明在裂隙型岩溶地区采用孔组方案进行地下水污染原位修复技术可行、且能取得较显著效果。修复工程布设方式和试验成果对类似地区开展岩溶地下水污染原位修复具一定借鉴意义。      

The effect of varied dam release mechanisms and storage volume on downstream river thermal regimes

Temperature plays an essential role in the ecology and biology of aquatic ecosystems. The use of dams to store and subsequently re-regulate river flows can have a negative impact on the natural thermal regime of rivers, causing thermal pollution of downstream river ecosystems. Autonomous thermal loggers were used to measure temperature changes downstream of a large dam on the Macquarie River, in Australia’s Murray-Darling Basin to quantify the effect of release mechanisms and dam storage volume on the downstream thermal regime. The magnitude of thermal pollution in the downstream river was affected by different release mechanisms, including bottom-level outlet releases, a thermal curtain (which draws water from above the hypolimnion), and spill-way release. Dam storage volume was linked to the magnitude of thermal pollution downstream; high storage volumes were related to severe thermal suppressions, with an approximate 10 °C difference occurring when water originated from high and low storage volumes. Downstream temperatures were 8 ̶ 10 °C higher when surface releases were used via a thermal curtain and the spillway to mitigate cold water pollution that frequently occurs in the river. Demonstrating the effectiveness of engineering and operational strategies used to mitigate cold water pollution highlight their potential contribution to fish conservation, threatened species recovery and environmental remediation of aquatic ecosystems.     

我国土壤中铜的污染现状与修复研究进展

铜是动植物必需的微量营养元素,但过量的铜会严重影响动植物的生长。近年来,随着工农业的迅速发展,土壤铜污染已成为重要的土壤环境污染问题之一。土壤铜污染不仅降低土壤环境质量,而且影响植物、土壤微生物、土壤酶活性等的平衡稳定发展,并威胁农产品质量安全。文中综述现阶段我国土壤铜污染的来源、污染现状,分析了土壤铜污染的特点及对土壤生态系统的危害,介绍土壤铜污染的预防方法,分析并总结目前用于治理土壤铜污染的修复技术原理、适用性及其国内外研究与发展动态,进一步提出未来我国土壤铜污染修复技术有待深入研究的相关问题,以期为我国土壤铜污染的研究和修复治理提供参考。     

Structural improvement of age-hardened gypsum-treated bauxite red mud waste using readily decomposable phyto-organics

Several years (7) after incidental lithification by added gypsum, the effect of crushing and phyto-organics on some physical properties of red mud wastes (RMW) was examined under laboratory conditions. It was hypothesized that mechanically breaking up the hardened masses would increase their permeability. However, on the contrary, crushing these rock-hard masses into <2-mm particles did not increase permeability. A phyto-organic treatment on the other hand greatly improved permeability of the crushed entities such that infiltration rates increased from 0 to 10 cm/h. After 24 weeks of incubation, the structure of the newly formed phyto-organically treated gypsum-hardened RMW aggregates was also substantially improved over that of the controls, as a >3-fold increase in resistance to disintegration during wet sieving was exhibited by the phyto-organically treated samples. The increase in water infiltration by combining crushing with phyto-organic applications was ascribed to a decrease in particle dispersion, creating more stable clay clusters, which in turn stabilized channels and pores. Conversely, it was concluded that the singular crushing of gypsum-hardened bauxite waste in the waste dumps is potentially wasteful and ineffective.     

沿海砼结构耐久性问题研究现状与对策

混凝土耐久性能不良引起的适用性、安全性问题以及由此引发的环境、能源、经济问题在全球范围内已引起广泛的关注.而沿海城市经济的飞速发展和大规模的开发海洋资源使得混凝土结构面临严峻的海洋环境的挑战.因此,了解沿海混凝土结构耐久性问题的研究现状与对策具有十分重要的现实意义.综合分析了沿海砼结构性能退化的原因及解决办法并在此基础上指出进一步研究的可能方向.     

城乡一体化发展下的土地整治规划环境影响评价——以山东省诸城市为例

土地整治环境影响评价是土地整治规划编制过程中的一个重要环节,目前的土地整治环境影响评价多是从某方面评价土地整治规划对环境的影响。在城乡一体化发展的背景下,按照"全域规划、全域整治"的要求,通过识别土地整治规划对经济、社会和环境影响,建立评价指标体系,以山东省诸城市为例,对土地整治规划环境影响进行综合评价。