川中—川西北加里东期古隆起对比研究

四川盆地加里东期经历了桐湾、郁南、都匀、广西等多期次构造运动,于盆地中西部和西北部分别形成了川中古隆起和川西北古隆起。重建加里东期川中古隆起和川西北古隆起形成演化过程及其关联性可以为四川盆地中西部和西北部深层海相层系下一步油气勘探部署提供新思路。本文通过对四川盆地已有钻井和地震资料的分析,开展了不同构造区的震旦系—早古生代地层对比分析,识别出四川盆地加里东期古隆起各套地层尖灭点分布范围、不整合削截点和上超点。利用地震、连井剖面相结合的方法,重塑了川中和川西北地区古隆起的形成演化过程。综合研究认为,加里东期古隆起的构造形态在晚奥陶世—早志留世初步形成,在晚志留世广西运动中经历了细微调整,古隆起在早志留世达到最大展布范围,于二叠纪沉积前定型,郁南运动和都匀运动对加里东期古隆起的变形起着重要作用;二者总体经历了“隆-凹”分异阶段（Z—∈₁m）、隆起定型阶段（∈₁q—S₁）、联合隆升阶段（S₂—C）、稳定埋藏阶段（P—T₂）等4个阶段。

     

地理空间情报预测分析的一种方法

地理空间情报是对影像和地理空间信息的发掘和分析。其中,地理空间情报预测分析是决策的基础。传统的地理空间情报预测分析大多是基于逻辑思维的定性研究,此处提出了一个地理空间情报预测分析的模型——因果关联图,同时给出了计算预测事件可信度的方法。该方法能够定量、简捷、快速、有效地实现地理空间情报预测分析。     

Quantitative trends in sponge ecology research

Abstract It is almost dogmatic that sponges are one of the most relevant groups in benthic marine communities, a statement generally based upon their diversity and abundance in natural communities. But beyond their conspicuousness, do we really know the role that sponges play in nature? Using a series of productivity indicators, this review evaluates the relevance of sponge research to the general scientific community, particularly the contribution of sponge ecology to the broader science of ecology. The relevance of sponge research ranked second out of eight taxonomic groups. Ecology accounted for most of the sponge research output but it ranked poorly compared to the relative importance of the ecological literature in the remaining taxonomic groups. Sponge ecology focused primarily on the species level of organization even though the relevance of these studies fell well below expected. This review suggests that the ecological relevance of sponges is insufficiently supported by ecological data and would benefit from better scientific support. Sponge ecology has the opportunity to contribute to the broader science of ecology in numerous topics where sponge research may be particularly relevant. Broader ecological contributions will help verify the ecological relevance that the great diversity and abundance of sponges suggest.     

基于居民个体的城市虚-实空间关联指标研究——以南京市为例

信息技术对城市空间结构的影响一直是地理学关注的话题。随着信息技术的革新及其在社会生活中的普及应用,地理学者开始将研究视角从空间转向网络用户。引入信息科学领域的“地理关联”概念,通过南京居民问卷调查获得973个样本数据,采用结构方程模型分析,尝试从微观个体角度探索基于居民个体的虚-实空间的关联指标。结果发现：居民信息化程度、居民信息化认知、居民信息化习惯、居民流动性是微观层面虚-实空间关联的主要指标;居民流动性是空间关联最重要的衡量指标,其次是居民信息化认知、居民信息化习惯、居民信息化程度;工作地是最能展示网络空间与实体空间紧密关联的场所类型。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

聚类分析和因子分析在黄土湿陷性评价中的应用

影响黄土湿陷性等级的因子之间存在着相关性,针对这一问题,利用聚类分析和因子分析理论研究了因子之间的相关性,并建立了分析模型。选用天然重度、干重度、孔隙比、含水率、塑性指数5项指标作为评价因子,以湿陷系数作为评价指标,通过聚类分析和因子分析表明黄土的天然重度、干重度、孔隙比对黄土湿陷性等级影响具有共性,可归为一类因子;含水率和塑性指数分别为一类,这样就将相关的原始因子转换为相互独立的因子。将聚类分析和因子分析引入黄土湿陷性系数等级评价中,不仅保留了原始因子的信息,而且还消除了多重共线性的影响,减小了误差,提高了分析结果的准确性。工程实例分析表明,提出的分析模型与实际工程相吻合,具有重要的工程实际意义。     

Geography's Strategies*

In the context of debates about policy relevance, geotechnologies, and the status of and prospects for geography, we present the case for a promotional strategy based on foregrounding the impact, diversity, and wealth of geographic scholarship.     

近20年鄱阳湖水体面积变化遥感监测与分析

利用卫星遥感影像数据,应用归一化水体指数法和谱间关系法,定量化分析2002—2019年鄱阳湖水体面积变化规律并探究其变化原因.研究表明,1)2002—2019年鄱阳湖水体面积整体呈现缩小趋势,水体面积年内季节变化明显,丰水期与枯水期水域面积相差1倍以上,且该差值近年来有增大趋势.2)通过分析鄱阳湖星子站水位发现,鄱阳湖进入枯水期日期较历史明显提前.3)分析极端干旱和夏季洪涝事件发现,鄱阳湖水域面积与江西省降水量有较明显的正相关性.     

利用随机森林的城区机载LiDAR数据特征选择与分类

针对机载LiDAR系统数据分类中多源特征与城区分类目标相关性不明确的问题,在面向对象的数据特征挖掘基础上,提出了一种基于随机森林的机载LiDAR系统特征选择与分类方法,利用不同地区数据实验证明:本文方法能对机载LiDAR系统数据多源特征的重要性进行正确评估,通过特征选择,在减少特征的情况下仍能够达到较高的分类精度。     

鄂西恩施地区岩石物理力学参数的相关性

岩石物理力学性质指标是反映岩体工程特性的重要参数。通过对鄂西恩施地区典型滑坡区白垩系砂岩、三叠系粉砂岩、三叠系薄层泥灰岩、三叠系粉砂质泥岩、泥盆系石英砂岩和三叠系、二叠系、奥陶系灰岩等岩石单轴抗压强度σ_c、弹性模量E、泊松比µ、岩块的块体密度ρ和纵波速度V_p等试验数据的聚类和相关分析,表明白垩系砂岩和三叠系粉砂岩、三叠系粉砂质泥岩和二叠系灰岩参数间关联模式完全一致,其中岩块密度和纵波速度的关系最密切,将两者的乘积作为组合参数进行参数关联式拟合可提高拟合精度。分别对各地层岩石拟合出考虑多种因素且形式简明的参数关联式,并对拟合残差进行正态性检验,结果表明拟合出的参数关联式比较合理。