大洋洲地区大地构造格架与优势矿产资源

大洋洲横跨印澳板块、太平洋板块和欧亚板块三大板块,区内从太古宙至今经历了漫长的构造演化历史。根据区域地质特征,该区可划分为3个一级构造单元,即澳大利亚中西部前寒武纪克拉通、澳大利亚东部古生代造山带和环太平洋中新生代岛弧区,12个二级构造单元和40个三级构造单元。3个一级构造单元由于经历了不同的构造演化过程,各自发育了不同的岩石组合和矿化作用。在研究区域构造演化与成矿作用耦合关系的基础上,总结出3个构造单元的成矿特征：澳大利亚中西部前寒武纪克拉通成矿过程与克拉通的生长有关,成矿时代主要为太古宙和元古宙,优势矿种为金、铜、镍、锰、铁、铀、稀土、铅锌、铝土等;东部古生代造山带成矿多和古太平洋与古冈瓦纳板块的相互作用有关,成矿时代为古生代,优势矿种为铜、金、铅锌和钨锡;环太平洋中新生代岛弧区的成矿作用多与印澳板块、欧亚板块与太平洋板块的相互作用有关,成矿时代多集中在中一更新世,优势矿种为铜、金、镍、钴等。对大洋洲地区矿产资源潜力进行了评估,认为大洋洲地区的铁、锰、铜、铝、镍、金、铀、稀土等矿产资源均具有较好的潜力。     

近20年台风事件对黄渤海颗粒有机碳季节性的影响

边缘海初级生产力普遍较高,有机碳在沉积物中的埋藏高达全球的80%。黄渤海是位于我国东部的一个半封闭的温带陆架边缘海,在近20年中,黄渤海经历的台风事件频率不断增大,对碳循环关键过程发生多重影响。文章利用多组卫星及再分析资料,围绕2003~2020年期间夏季台风过境对黄渤海关键环境变量的影响,分析生物和非生物过程对不同海域水体中颗粒有机碳的贡献。结果表明,夏季台风过境一次、两次对黄渤海叶绿素的影响没有明显差异,叶绿素浓度增加主要在渤海西南部和南黄海约50%的海域。总体上看,台风过境对渤海、北黄海大部分海域水体中颗粒有机碳影响不大,但两次台风过境引起了南黄海约80%的离岸海域颗粒有机碳浓度的显著增加。南黄海中部海域水体中颗粒有机碳与叶绿素的比值在台风过后明显降低,表明该海域颗粒有机碳浓度的提高主要是由生物固碳过程的增强引起。台风过境加剧了黄海与渤海、近岸与离岸的水流交换,此过程增强了高营养盐和有机物水向南黄海尤其是中部海域的输送,因而提高了南黄海大部分海域颗粒有机碳浓度。除了光合作用等生物过程及水流交换对颗粒有机碳有影响外,黄渤海水体中颗粒有机碳浓度还受到沉积物再悬浮、陆源有机碳输入等过程的影响。台风过境可以加剧沉积物再悬浮和陆源有机物的输入,进一步提高黄渤海近岸及离岸海域颗粒有机碳的浓度。     

Comparison of nominal and standardized catch per unit effort data in quantifying habitat suitability of skipjack tuna in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

In the western and central Pacific Ocean, upper strata waters exhibit highly dynamic oceanographic features under ENSO variability. This has been proved to be responsible for the dynamic change of both abundance and zonal distribution of skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis). Although causality has been suggested by researchers using physical–biological interaction models, cumulative evidence needs to be obtained and the tenability of assertion needs to be tested from an ecological habitat perspecti...     

2005—2020年新疆雷电灾害特征分析

利用2005—2020年新疆雷电灾害统计数据及2013—2020年新疆闪电定位监测数据,从雷电灾害发生的行业分布、人员伤亡、经济损失等角度,对新疆2005—2020年雷电灾害特征进行了分析。结果表明：（1） 2005—2020年新疆共发生雷电灾害事件154次,导致82人伤亡,近16 a雷电灾害事件呈逐年递减趋势,其中月分布高发期在4—8月,这与新疆的雷电月活动规律一致。（2） 雷电灾害空间分布特征和地域有很大的相关性,雷电灾害主要集中在北疆阿勒泰地区、塔城东南部地区以及伊犁哈萨克自治州直属县市一线,而南疆的雷电灾害数量基本上很少。（3） 雷电灾害事件主要发生在农村,占雷电灾害事件总数的62.3%。雷电灾害事件造成的行业受损比例由多到少依次是民用电子设备、工厂设备、电力设备和建筑物。本研究结果可为新疆防雷减灾工作提供重要的理论依据。     

亚欧中纬度关键区正位势高度距平场配置与中国冬季区域性极端低温事件的联系

基于中国地面台站观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,研究了欧亚中纬度500 hPa高度场关键区正异常配置及其与中国冬季区域性极端低温事件(Regional Extreme Low Temperature Events, RELTE)的联系。结果表明,发生RELTE时乌拉尔山(简称乌山)、贝加尔湖(简称贝湖)和雅库茨克—鄂科斯克海(简称雅鄂)附近的某一区域出现高度场正异常的概率为0.83,即欧亚关键区500 hPa正高度距平场的相互匹配是形成RELTE的直接原因。在此基础上,将三个关键区域高度场异常配置分为7种类型:乌山型、贝湖型、雅鄂型、乌山—贝湖型、乌山—贝湖—雅鄂型、乌山—雅鄂型、贝湖—雅鄂型。不同类型异常模态对应的RELTE在空间分布、持续时间和强度等各有差异,如:乌山型对应RELTE以全国型为主,平均持续天数达14.2天;乌山—雅鄂型对应的RELTE以东北—华北型为主,事件平均持续天数为14.1天。此外,不同类型的异常配置均对应有超前于RELTE的前期特征,平均超前时间为1~8天不等。超前天数的空间分布、高度场异常的时间演化,进一步揭示了乌山以西和雅鄂以东两个方向高度场异常的发展并形成多种环流异常模态的过程,也验证了RELTE存在前期信号的可能性。     

New Chinese National Reference Materials for Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in Water

The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences recently prepared four certified reference materials for hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in water, which are called ‘China Standard Water' (CSW)‐HO1–HO4 (hereafter referred to as HO1–HO4). These reference materials are intended for calibration purposes and provide reference values of their relative difference in ²H/¹H and ¹⁸O/¹⁶O isotope‐amount ratios expressed in delta notation, normalised to the VSMOW–SLAP scale. The certified values of the reference materials were determined by an interlaboratory comparison of results from eleven participating laboratories. This paper describes in detail the production and certification procedure of the four reference materials. The first analytical data for the reference materials are also provided using a variety of analytical techniques, namely CO₂–H₂O equilibration and laser spectroscopy for δ¹⁸O and Cr reduction, as well as H₂–H₂O equilibration, laser spectroscopy, and high‐temperature conversion for δ²H. The reference values for materials HO1–HO4 and their associated uncertainties are assigned.     

Determination of Thallium in the USGS Glass Reference Materials BIR‐1G,BHVO‐2G and BCR‐2G and Application to Quantitative Tl Concentrations by LA‐ICP‐MS

Here, we present determinations of thallium (Tl) concentrations in the USGS reference materials BIR‐1G, BHVO‐2G and BCR‐2G measured by solution ICP‐MS. The Tl content in these three glasses spans a range of about 2–230 ng g^?1, which is similar to the values published for the respective powder materials. The determined range of Tl concentrations in these three glass reference materials makes them ideal for investigating Tl concentrations in basaltic and andesitic volcanic glasses. We also performed a series of laser ablation ICP‐MS measurements on the three samples, which show that this technique is able to determine Tl concentrations in glass samples with concentrations as low as 2 ng g^?1.     

Methodology for Rare Earth Element Determinations of Uranium Oxides by Ion Microprobe

A methodology for the determination of the rare earth elements in uranium oxides by ion microprobe has been set up on a Cameca ims-3f instrument. An uranium oxide reference material from a syn-metamorphic uranium deposit related to albitisation has also been developed for this type of analysis. Applications of the methodology are presented for a series of uranium oxides selected from some major uranium deposit types: from the world's highest grade unconformity-related uranium deposit from the Athabasca Basin (Saskatchewan, Canada; the Shea Creek and the McArthur River examples), a perigranitic vein-type deposit (Pen Ar Ran, Vendée, France) and a volcanic caldera-related deposit (Streltsovkoye, Transbaikalia, Russia). Each type of uranium deposit appears to have a specific REE signature. All REE patterns from the Shea Creek and the McArthur deposits are characterised by bell-shaped patterns centred on Tb-Dy and similar to those already published for uranium oxides from unconformity-related deposits from Australia. Such bell-shaped REE patterns centred on Tb-Dy may therefore be considered as a typical signature of uranium oxides from Mesoproterozoic unconformity-related deposits. A smoother bell shape pattern centred on Eu characterises the syn-metamorphic albitisation related deposit of Mistamisk selected for the reference material. The REE patterns from the Pen Ar Ran deposit show a fractionation from LREE to HREE with anomalously high abundances of Sm, Eu and Gd with respect to the other REEs, similar to the REE patterns of uranium oxides from the volcanic-related deposits of Streltsovkoye.     

空间大地测量测定板块运动新进展

主要阐述利用空间大地测量测定和研究板块运动的研究成果及最新进展，并与地质学方法进行了比较，结果表明空间大地测量方法测定板块运动由单一手段发展为多种手段的综合，最新的研究是利用ITRF₉₆、ITRF₉₇地球参考架的站坐标及速率建立新的板块运动模型，这些模型和相同时期的地质模型，整体上一致但仍存在着差异。对于太平洋板块所有大地测量测定的运动速率均大于地质学模型，极位置的经度也有系统偏差。     

锶同位素地层学研究进展

锶同位素地层学（SIS）根据地质历史中的任何时间全球范围内海水的 锶同位素组成都是均一的，海水87Sr/86Sr比值随时间变化这一基本原理，利用代表原始海水的海相碳酸盐（以及磷酸盐和硫酸盐）的87Sr/86Sr比值确定海相地层的年代，研究海平面变化，造山运动，古气候等全球事件，在地层学，沉积学，石油地质学和矿床学等领域中有着广泛的应用前景，同位素地层学已在世界范围内得到地质学家的普遍关注，并已获得迅速的发展，国内的有关研究则刚刚起步，锶同位素地层学研究的难点主要在于对样品成岩蚀变的挖掘和分析技术上，同时还需要有良好的地层学研究基础，在样品选择上应充分考虑其原始组分的抗成岩蚀变能力，锶同位素地层学的研究需要地层学家，沉积学家和地球化学家的共同努力。