山西交城断裂北端及中段3个大型探槽全新世断错现象分析

前人在山西交城断裂带上开挖过多个探槽,揭露出全新世3次古地震事件,但其研究结果尚不能确定该断裂带全新世活动段的北部边界.近期在该断裂带北端和中段又开挖了3个大型探槽,其中在阳曲县泥屯盆地西界开挖的龙王沟探槽,是一个由多个探槽组合成的大探槽,该探槽揭示的地层断错信息,将交城断裂带全新世活动的范围向北延伸了20km.另外2个大型探槽分别为交城断裂带中段瓦窑沟东侧台地前缘的瓦窑探槽与市儿口沟西侧T1阶地前缘的新民探槽.这3个大探槽均揭示出全新世中期(14C测年值为距今5 ～ 6ka)的垆土和淤泥层,以及多组平行分布的断面,所揭示的全新世3次古地震事件具有断错事件活动的同步性,可与前人探槽揭示的全新世断层活动事件相对比.3次断错活动时间分别距今3.06 ～3.53ka、5.32ka左右或6.14ka左右、8.36ka左右;3次事件的时间间隔分别为2.02 ～ 2.84ka和2.22 ～ 3.04ka.这些断错事件的同震垂直位移为1.5～4.7m,显示了7级以上地表破裂型的强震活动.最后讨论了探槽中14C测年样品的影响因素.     

Estimation of monthly reference evapotranspiration using novel hybrid machine learning approaches

ABSTRACT

In this research, five hybrid novel machine learning approaches, artificial neural network (ANN)-embedded grey wolf optimizer (ANN-GWO), multi-verse optimizer (ANN-MVO), particle swarm optimizer (ANN-PSO), whale optimization algorithm (ANN-WOA) and ant lion optimizer (ANN-ALO), were applied for modelling monthly reference evapotranspiration (ET_o) at Ranichauri (India) and Dar El Beida (Algeria) stations. The estimates yielded by hybrid machine learning models were compared against three models, Valiantzas-1, 2 and 3 based on root mean square error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and Willmott index (WI). The results of comparison show that the ANN-GWO-1 model with five input variables (T_min, T_max, RH, U_s, R_s) provides better estimates at both study stations (RMSE = 0.0592/0.0808, NSE = 0.9972/0.9956, PCC = 0.9986/0.9978, and WI = 0.9993/0.9989). Also, the adopted modelling strategy can build a truthful expert intelligent system for estimating the monthly ET_o at study stations.     

西秦岭北缘断裂带西端晚第四纪活动特征及其西延问题

西秦岭北缘断裂是青藏高原东北缘的一条以左旋走滑运动为主的大型活动断裂。 通过卫片解译和野外地质调查, 认为断裂西端活动性仍很强烈, 并发现切龙沟一带全新世活动特征明显。 结果表明, 全新世以来西秦岭北缘断裂西端至少有2次古地震事件, 说明断裂经过土房村以后活动并没有停止, 而是继续向西延伸, 最后终止于甘加盆地。     

Vision-based system of AUV for an underwater pipeline tracker

This paper describes a new framework for detection and tracking of underwater pipeline,which includes software system and hardware system.It is designed for vision system of AUV based on monocular CCD camera.First,the real-time data flow from image capture card is pre-processed and pipeline features are extracted for navigation.The region saturation degree is advanced to remove false edge point group after Sobel operation.An appropriate way is proposed to clear the disturbance around the peak point in the process of Hough transform.Second,the continuity of pipeline layout is taken into account to improve the efficiency of line extraction.Once the line information has been obtained,the reference zone is predicted by Kalman filter.It denotes the possible appearance position of the pipeline in the image.Kalman filter is used to estimate this position in next frame so that the information of pipeline of each frame can be known in advance.Results obtained on real optic vision data in tank experiment are displayed and discussed.They show that the proposed system can detect and track the underwater pipeline online,and is effective and feasible.     

长江水下三角洲沉积物柱状样重金属垂向分布特征

对长江水下三角洲3个沉积物柱状样进行粒度分析、²¹⁰Pb测年,并测定其中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属元素和Al等常量元素的含量,得到了沉积物粒度、粘土含量、重金属含量的垂向分布曲线和沉积物测年数据。通过相关分析来研究沉积物中的Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属、粒度、Al相互之间的关系;以Al为参照元素对这4种重金属进行归一化处理,分析其归一化前后的垂向分布特征。结果表明,Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn 4种重金属元素在此区域的地球化学行为相似,其分布受细颗粒沉积物的吸附和胶体的絮凝作用共同控制;近一二十年来,该区域的Cr、Cu、Pb含量并没有显著增加,Zn有轻微污染。此外,CJ19柱中Cu存在异常峰值,可能是特大风暴潮事件对研究区浅水区底质沉积物中重金属的分布造成的影响。     

一体化姿态传感器支持下多波束测深系统偏差处理

根据一体化姿态传感器的特点和多波束水深点计算的实际需要,重点讨论了多波束探头安装偏差的处理,提出了把综合偏差输入姿态传感器,利用其偏差校准处理功能,实现多波束探头坐标系的横摇、纵摇和航向的直接输出,简化数据处理提高作业效率的设想;给出了姿态传感器安装偏差与多波束探头安装偏差进行合并获得综合偏差的方法。     

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辽河三角洲不同干湿气候区参考蒸散发敏感因子时空变化

根据辽河三角洲19个气象台站1961~2010年气象观测资料,采用Penman-Monteith参考蒸散发计算方法,分析辽河三角洲半湿润区、半干旱区以及滨海干湿过渡区3个气候亚区参考蒸散发对平均气温、风速、相对湿度和太阳辐射的敏感性及其时空分异。结果表明：在半干旱区,敏感系数由大到小依次是相对湿度、风速、太阳辐射和平均气温;在半湿润区和滨海干湿过渡区,敏感系数由大到小依次是相对湿度、太阳辐射、平均气温和风速。不同气候亚区参考蒸散发对气象因子的敏感系数具有较大的差异和变化趋势。