中国地壳运动观测网络基准站GPS观测的位移时间序列结果

对中国地壳运动观测网络基准网于1998年9月－2001年10月GPS连续观测结果所获得的位移时间序列进行了初步分析，讨论了适用于地震分析预报的位移时间序列生成中的基准选择。选东部长期相对水平位移很小的9个站组成的一组稳定点作为基准，得到水平位移时间序列；选分布于不同区域相对垂直位移较小的7个站为稳定点组，得到垂直位移时间序列。2000－2001年我国西部的基准站出现2次明显的水平与垂直位移异常变化，这种异常变化有可能与南北地震带上云南地区发生的6级左右地震活动有一定的关系。     

罗兰C自主TOC同步的研究

研究了罗兰C自主实现TOC同步的原理。根据TOC的特点 ,分析了罗兰C自主TOC同步的基本要求。定义了TOC信息的概念 ,提出了一种新的信息类型和相应的通信规约。分析了GRI脉冲序列与参考脉冲 ,以及调制码组与罗兰C脉冲组的时间关系。最后详细研究了在连续传输 (TOC信息和DGNSS交替 )方式下TOC同步的原理和方法。     

毫秒脉冲星定时研究进展

毫秒脉冲星守时的理论和方法研究己取得重要进展,利用现有2颗毫秒脉冲星约10yr的计时观测资料分析得到的 TAI-PT,其长期稳定度为 2×10－14。采用合适的长期稳定度算法,由多颗毫秒脉冲星计时观测可以建立综合脉冲星时间尺度。它可以成为与原子时系统比较的重要手段,并对原子时长期稳定度的改进做出贡献。介绍了该领域研究的基本状况,重点对毫秒脉冲星守时的理论方法,综合脉冲星时间及与原子时的关系等进行了讨论和评述。对由双星系统内毫秒脉冲星的轨道运动定义的双星脉冲星时也做了介绍。     

通过卫星双向双频观测对电离层时延的测定

介绍了利用卫星双向双频(C波段)观测来测定电离层时延的方法,并对不同经纬度的观测结果进行了比较和分析。卫星双向双频(C波段)观测精度高,采样间隔短,能测定电离层总电子含量的细微变化。     

Seasonal evolution of meltwater generation,storage and discharge at a non‐temperate glacier in Svalbard

In glacierized catchments, meteorological inputs driving surface melting are translated into runoff outputs mediated by the glacier hydrological system: analysis of the relationship between meteorology and diurnal and seasonal patterns of runoff should reflect the functioning of that system, with the role of meltwater storage likely to be of particular importance. Daily meltwater storage is determined for a glacier at 78 °N in the Svalbard archipelago, by comparing inputs calculated from a surface energy balance model with measured outputs (proglacial discharge). Solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed and proglacial discharge are then analysed by regression and time‐series methods, in order to assess the meteorology–discharge relationship and its variation at diurnal and seasonal time‐scales. The recorded discharge time‐series can be divided into two contrasting intervals: up to early August, proglacial discharge was high and variable, mean hydrographs showed little indication of diurnal cycling, ARIMA models of discharge indicated a non‐seasonal, moving‐average generating process, and there was a net loss of meltwater from storage; from early August, proglacial discharge was low and relatively invariable, but with clearer diurnal cycles, regression models of discharge showed substantially improved correlations with air temperature and solar radiation, ARIMA models indicated a non‐seasonal, autoregressive generating process, and eventually a seasonal component, and there was a net gain in meltwater storage. The transition between the two periods is brief compared with the duration of the melt season. The runoff response to meteorology therefore lacks the strongly progressive element previously identified in mid‐latitude glacierized catchments. In particular, the glacier hydrological system only appears responsive to diurnal forcing following the depletion of the seasonal snowpack meltwater store. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A conceptually based stochastic point process model for daily stream‐flow generation

Based on the stochastic and phenomenological aspects of hydrological processes, a conceptually based stochastic point process (SPP) model for daily stream‐flow generation is proposed in this paper. In which, storms are defined by a stochastic point process with marked values. All the random variables defining the process are assumed to be mutually independent, which constitutes a compound Poisson point process. The direct surface runoff is regarded as occurring from storage in a cascade of surface linear reservoirs and is responsible for the short‐term variation of the daily stream flows. The baseflow component is considered as coming from subsurface/groundwater storage and is responsible for the long‐term persistence of the storm time‐series. This type of model is proposed as a more realistic model of daily stream flow than models based on pure stochastic processes. Studies on the instantaneous unit hydrograph and the mechanism of baseflow could thereby provide some parameters for this model. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A viscoplastic model including anisotropic damage for the time dependent behaviour of rock

This paper presents a new constitutive model for the time dependent mechanical behaviour of rock which takes into account both viscoplastic behaviour and evolution of damage with respect to time. This model is built by associating a viscoplastic constitutive law to the damage theory. The main characteristics of this model are the account of a viscoplastic volumetric strain (i.e. contractancy and dilatancy) as well as the anisotropy of damage. The latter is described by a second rank tensor. Using this model, it is possible to predict delayed rupture by determining time to failure, in creep tests for example. The identification of the model parameters is based on experiments such as creep tests, relaxation tests and quasi‐static tests. The physical meaning of these parameters is discussed and comparisons with lab tests are presented. The ability of the model to reproduce the delayed failure observed in tertiary creep is demonstrated as well as the sensitivity of the mechanical response to the rate of loading. The model could be used to simulate the evolution of the excavated damage zone around underground openings. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多时间序列求关联维D_2

在利用Ｇ．Ｐ．法由单一时间序列计算关联维Ｄ_２的基础上，引入矩阵范数，提出了多时间序列数据联合计算关联维Ｄ_２的算法。这一算法是Ｇ．Ｐ．法的推广。验算结果表明这一算法正确、可行，能提高计算结果的可靠性。     

A Time-Transformed Leapfrog Scheme

We present a time-transformed leapfrog scheme combined with the extrapolation method to construct an integrator for orbits in N-body systems with large mass ratios. The basic idea can be used to transform any second-order differential equation into a form which may allow more efficient numerical integration. When applied to gravitating few-body systems this formulation permits extremely close two-body encounters to be considered without significant loss of accuracy. The new scheme has been implemented in a direct N-body code for simulations of super-massive binaries in galactic nuclei. In this context relativistic effects may also be included.     

凡河元古宙坳拉谷关门山铅锌矿床铅同位素研究

凡河元古宙坳拉谷关门山铅锌矿床及外围铅矿点,矿石中的铅是以正常铅为主,单阶段模式年龄为1807—1995Ma,铅质来源主要是造山带铅,铅源岩为大于2000Ma的太古宙结晶基底。矿石中异常铅具有线性关系,它是由矿石中的正常铅与放射成因铀铅组成的。结合地质观察认为1807—1995Ma是正常铅受到均一化时间,不是成矿时间。该时间大于容矿条带状白云岩的年龄1526—1600Ma。矿体受断裂构造控制,具有穿层性,矿体生成于容矿岩石成岩以后。矿床成因是属后生的。成矿时间(主矿化期)为1400—1500Ma左右,最晚矿化时间为294Ma。矿床成因属元古宙坳拉谷碳酸盐岩密西西比河谷型(MVT)后生铅锌矿床。