黑龙江北部孙吴-嘉荫盆地构造特征、演化及石油地质条件

重力解释孙吴-嘉荫盆地基底埋深一般在0.1～2.5 km,基底形态具有北东走向的“三断两隆”的构造特征,自西向东称孙吴断陷、茅栏河隆起、沾河断陷、富饶隆起和嘉荫断陷.地震解释基底深度一般在0.1～6.3 km,并据之进一步划分了断陷的次级构造单元.孙吴-嘉荫盆地的形成和演化与南部的松辽盆地颇为相似,大致经历了前裂陷、断陷、坳陷和萎缩4个阶段.下白垩统淘淇河组、上白垩统永安村组和太平林场组埋藏较深,厚度较大,烃源岩达到成熟阶段,储层发育,物性较好,为油气勘探的主要目的层.对沾河断陷和嘉荫断陷油气勘探有利区做了进一步预测,确定乌拉嘎凹陷是嘉荫断陷最有利的勘探区,确定沾河向斜是沾河断陷最有利的勘探区.     

Multiple controls on the paleoenvironment of the Early Cambrian marine black shales in the Sichuan Basin,SW China: Geochemical and organic carbon isotopic evidence

In order to understand the paleoenvironment of the Early Cambrian black shale deposition in the western part of the Yangtze Block, geochemical and organic carbon isotopic studies have been performed on two wells that have drilled through the Qiongzhusi Formation in the central and southeastern parts of Sichuan Basin. It shows that the lowest part of the Qiongzhusi Formation has high TOC abundance, while the middle and upper parts display relative low TOC content. Redox-sensitive element (Mo) and trace elemental redox indices (e.g., Ni/Co, V/Cr, U/Th and V/(V + Ni)) suggest that the high-TOC layers were deposited under anoxic conditions, whereas the low-TOC layers under relatively dysoxic/oxic conditions. The relationship of the enrichment factors of Mo and U further shows a transition from suboxic low-TOC layers to euxinic high-TOC layers. On the basis of the Mo-TOC relationship, the Qiongzhusi Formation black shales were deposited in a basin under moderately restricted conditions. Organic carbon isotopes display temporal variations in the Qiongzhusi Formation, with a positive excursion of δ¹³C_org values in the lower part and a continuous positive shift in the middle and upper parts. All these geochemical and isotopic criteria indicate a paleoenvironmental change from bottom anoxic to middle and upper dysoxic/oxic conditions for the Qiongzhusi Formation black shales. The correlation of organic carbon isotopic data for the Lower Cambrian black shales in different regions of the Yangtze Block shows consistent positive excursion of δ¹³C_org values in the lower part for each section. This excursion can be ascribed to the widespread Early Cambrian transgression in the Yangtze Block, under which black shales were deposited.     

Evaluating the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of larval fish assemblages in a coastal marine ecosystem (Haizhou Bay,China)

In coastal marine ecosystems, spatial patterns of larval fish assemblages (LFAs) tend to exhibit geographic stability because of relatively stable spawning site selection and predictable oceanographic phenomena such as eddies. To evaluate the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of LFAs, we conducted a high spatiotemporal resolution ichthyoplankton survey from April to July in 2013 in the shallow waters (<20 m) of Haizhou Bay, China. Our analysis indicated three distinct assemblages, which were stable geographically but exhibited a gradual and directional change of species composition and abundance over our study period. Sea surface temperature was the most important environmental co‐variate for determining temporal variability of LFAs, likely owing to temperature effects of species composition and spawning period selection of adult fish, along with known temperature‐dependent survival rates of larval fish. Study of LFA spatiotemporal dynamics is essential for improved understanding of adult fish spawning behavior, and has potential to inform design and implementation of conservation and management measures (e.g. marine protected areas) in coastal systems.     

南极半岛别林斯高晋海天然气水合物成矿条件与成矿机理

位于南极半岛西侧的别林斯高晋海是南极附近海域天然气水合物成矿的远景区域。利用现有钻孔岩心样品、地震剖面、声波等资料,从气源、稳定域、构造输导及沉积储集等方面,分析了别林斯高晋海天然气水合物的形成条件,预测了天然气水合物成矿远景区,初步探讨了其形成机理,以期能为今后南极半岛区域的天然气水合物资源调查研究提供一定的科学参考依据。     

下扬子下寒武统岩相古地理及烃源岩条件研究

以下扬子下寒武统为研究对象,利用野外露头、岩心、岩石微观分析、有机地球化学等资料,在地层对比基础上,开展了下扬子下寒武统岩相古地理研究及烃源岩条件评价。结果表明：下扬子下寒武统主要发育硅质岩、硅质泥页岩、碳质泥页岩、灰质泥页岩、泥灰岩、白云岩6种岩石类型;地层可划分为3段,其中安吉-石台-上海地区三段发育齐全,其他地区一段大部分缺失,二段存在不同程度缺失;沉积相主要发育盆地、陆棚、斜坡、台地边缘、局限台地5种类型;烃源岩主要分布于石台-安吉、滁州-盐城、德兴-桐庐盆地相及周边陆棚相,石台-安吉地区是烃源岩发育最有利区,泥岩厚度300~700m,TOC为3%~9%,平均4.5%~5.76%;德兴-桐庐地区泥岩厚度200~400m,TOC为3%~9%,平均4.96%;滁州-盐城凹陷泥岩厚度50~200m,TOC为2%~4%。下扬子下寒武统烃源岩干酪根类型全部为Ⅰ型,有机质组分主要为腐泥组,以藻类体为主,含少量腐泥无定形体。下扬子下寒武统烃源岩均处于过成熟演化阶段,总体上由皖南盆地区向两侧台地逐渐降低,九江、景德镇、黄山及开化淳安地区受火山岩影响Ro在4.0%以上;安庆-溧阳-南通以南,湖州-苏州以西处于盆地、陆棚及斜披部位,埋深大,Ro为3.0%~4.0%;潜山、南陵、无为、金坛及苏北中新生代凹陷由于后期埋深较大,Ro在3.0%以上;其他区域Ro为2.0%~3.0%。     

Predation and intertidal zonation of barnacles at Leigh,New Zealand

Experiments using cages at four shore levels were carried out to determine the part played by the feeding of the gastropods Neothais scalaris and Lepsiella scobina on the zonation of three species of intertidal barnacles: Chamaesipho brunnea, C. columna, and Epopella plicata. The lower limit of the two larger barnacle species was determined by predation, but C. columna was affected only in the absence of the other two barnacles.     

一株海洋芽孢杆菌B09的筛选及其发酵条件优化研究

从海水养殖环境中筛选出一株具有较强抗菌活性的芽孢杆菌B09,并对其进行抗菌活性研究和发酵条件优化。结果显示B09对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、鳗弧菌等致病菌有较强抑制作用,其最佳发酵条件如下:KB培养基(蛋白胨20g,甘油10mL,K2HPO41.5g,MgSO4.7H2O1.5g,水1000mL),发酵温度32℃,发酵起始pH为7,发酵时间48h,250mL的三角瓶装量100mL,接种量1%。     

我国陆相中高熟页岩油富集条件与分布特征

我国相继在多个盆地陆相页岩油勘探中获得突破,展示了良好的发展前景。基于现阶段勘探认识,本文认为陆相页岩油富集主要条件是：(1)稳定且有规模和适宜热成熟度的富有机质页岩是重要物质基础,以TOC含量>2%,最佳为3%～4%、母质类型Ⅰ和Ⅱ₁型为主,R_o>0.9%或更高(咸化环境0.8%);(2)有一定容积规模的微纳米孔隙且具脆性的多类储层是重要条件,页岩储层有效孔隙度宜>3%～6%;成岩阶段偏低时,纯页岩段不是中高熟页岩油富集段,致密砂岩和混积岩黏土含量宜<20%;成岩阶段高时,页岩黏土含量可高至40%左右;(3)滞留烃数量大且品质好是重要保证,以S₁>2 mg/g为门限,最佳>4～6 mg/g;气油比>80 m³/m³,最佳150～300 m³/m³;(4)顶底板具封闭性保持超压且滞留足够多轻-中组分烃类。陆相页岩油分布特征是：(1)有外物质注入的深-半深湖相是页岩油主要富集区;(2)具备“四高...     

有限深两层流体内孤立波非线性数值模拟入口边界条件研究

基于有限深两层流体KdV(Korteweg-de Vries)、eKdV(extended KdV)和MCC(Miyata-Choi-Camassa)理论,以内孤立波诱导上下层深度平均水平速度为入口边界条件,采用理想流体完全非线性欧拉方程,建立了两层流体中内孤立波生成的CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)数值模拟方法。以系列数值模拟结果为依据,结合内孤立波非线性和色散参数的组合条件,给出了选择合适内孤立波理论解作为CFD数值模拟入口边界条件的方法,从而实现了振幅与波形可控的内孤立波完全非线性数值模拟。     

Seasonal variations in the speciation of dissolved iodine in the Chesapeake Bay

The speciation of dissolved iodine and the distributions of the iodine species in the deep Chesapeake Bay underwent seasonal variations in response to changes in the prevailing redox condition. In the deep water, the ratios of iodate to iodide and iodate to inorganic iodine decreased progressively from the Winter through the Summer as the deep water became more poorly oxygenated before they rebounded in the Fall when the deep water became re-oxygenated again. The composition of the surface water followed the same trend. However, in this case, the higher biological activities in the Spring and the Summer could also have enhanced the biologically mediated reduction of iodate to iodide by phytoplankton and contributed to the lower ratios found during those seasons. Superimposed on this redox cycle was a cycle of input and removal of dissolved iodine probably as a result of the interactions between the water column and the underlying sediments. Iodine was added to the Bay during the Summer when the deep water was more reducing and removed from the Bay in the Fall when the deep water became re-oxygenated. A third cycle was the inter-conversion between inorganic iodine and ‘dissolved organic iodine’, or ‘‘DOI’’. The conversion of inorganic iodine to ‘DOI’ was more prevalent in the Spring. As a result of these biogeochemical reactions in the Bay, during exchanges between the Bay and the North Atlantic, iodate-rich and ‘DOI’-poor water was imported into the Bay while iodide- and ‘DOI’-rich water was exported to the Atlantic. The export of iodide from these geochemically reactive systems along the land margins contributes to the enrichment of iodide in the surface open oceans.