钢筋混凝土柱地震损伤模型比较研究

损伤指数是判断结构或构件经受地震作用后是否破坏、评价结构或构件破坏程度的重要指标,是对震后受损结构进行安全评估和修复加固的重要理论依据。基于40组钢筋混凝土柱的试验结果,对国内外7种较具代表性的损伤模型进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:对于同一试件,不同损伤模型计算得到的损伤指标差异较大,损伤曲线发展趋势亦不同;基于能量的损伤模型多表现出前期增长速度快和后期增长速度慢的上凸趋势,而基于变形和能量组合形式的双参数损伤模型多表现出前期增长速度慢和后期增长速度快的上凹趋势;Park-Ang模型及其改进形式能够较好地反映构件层次的损伤发展过程,但未知参数较多,计算过程较复杂,不利于整体结构层次的震害评估;从能量耗散原理角度提出的损伤模型更符合整体结构抗震的本质,未知参数少且计算过程简单,但存在边界条件的界定不明确的缺陷,因此还需要做更深入的研究。     

基于FEA的填充墙与隔震器协同抗震系统性能分析

隔震器与填充墙对建筑抗震性能有很大作用。为了探究填充墙布置形式及填充材料和隔震器协同作用对钢筋混凝土框架结构动力特性及抗震性能的影响,采用等效斜撑理论,对3种不同填充墙布置形式与隔震器协同作用的抗震系统方案进行对比分析,研究发现顶层不布置填充墙与隔震器协同抗震系统钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能最佳。在此系统上分析了不同填充材料对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能的影响,结果表明,加气混凝土砌块填充墙的钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能最好。     

基于不同地面特性的混凝土框架结构的抗震性能评估

基于3层普通抗震混凝土框架结构,采用能力谱法评估了矩形框架结构的抗震性能,从实验结果中获取能力曲线,并利用在地面特性条件下的各站记录的地震地面运动建立需求曲线。评估结果表明,3层混凝土框架可以抵抗地面条件为1和2的所有地震带A,B,C,D和E的地震荷载;对于地面条件3,混凝土框架在地震带A,B,C和D中的实验结果令人满意;对于地面条件4,混凝土框架只对地震带A和B有效。     

地震波斜入射对高面板坝地震反应的影响

为研究地震波斜入射对高面板坝地震反应的影响,根据地震波动入射理论,采用FORTRAN进行波动荷载的编程计算,并与大型通用有限元软件ADINA相结合,实现基于黏弹性人工边界的地震波斜入射,研究P波和SV波分别以不同角度入射对高面板堆石坝地震反应的影响。结果表明,地震波斜入射时大坝地震动反应与垂直入射时明显不同,常规垂直入射的结果偏于不安全,因此在高面板坝地震反应分析和抗震设计中应考虑地震波斜入射的影响。     

Improving integrity of RC beam-column joints with deficient beam rebar anchorage

In recent earthquakes in developing countries, severe damage was observed on reinforced concrete buildings. This study focuses on exterior beam-column joints with substandard beam rebar anchorage and seismic strengthening by installing wing walls. First, a series of experiments was conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of exterior joints with substandard beam rebar anchorage representing typical Bangladeshi buildings. Two 0.7-scaled exterior joint specimens were tested, and these specimens showed beam rebar anchorage failure and/or joint shear failure. Prior to strengthening of the joint, a series of pullout tests was conducted on postinstalled bonded anchors in low-strength concrete for strengthening design. Then, an experiment was performed to apply the strengthening method by wing walls to one of the exterior joint specimens to improve the integrity, and this method was intended to prevent the failure of beam rebar anchorage. The strengthening method is proposed to extend the development length of beam longitudinal bars by considering the embedment length along the wing walls. The test results verified the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed strengthening method to upgrade exterior RC beam-column joints with deficient beam rebar anchorage.     

Nonlinear dynamic tests of a reinforced concrete frame building at different damage levels

This paper discusses the dynamic tests of a two-story infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame building using an eccentric-mass shaker. The building, located in El Centro, CA, was substantially damaged prior to the tests due to the seismic activity in the area. During the testing sequence, five infill walls were removed to introduce additional damage states and to investigate the changes in the dynamic properties and the nonlinear response of the building to the induced excitations. The accelerations and displacements of the structure under the forced and ambient vibrations were recorded through an array of sensors, while lidar scans were obtained to document the damage. The test data provide insight into the nonlinear response of an actual building and the change of its resonant frequencies and operational shapes due to varying damage levels and changes of the excitation amplitude, frequency, and orientation.     

新型预制装配式楼盖抗倒塌试验研究

地震及爆炸荷载下的结构连续倒塌问题对人民的生命财产造成重大威胁,是土木工程领域研究的一个热门方向。为了提高新型预应力空心楼板结构的整体性,防止由于竖向支承构件的失效形成楼板的局部或者连续倒塌,对2块新型预应力空心板足尺模型进行四分点静力加载试验,研究新型预制装配式两跨连续楼板的抗连续倒塌能力。试件均由预应力空心短板通过板端伸出U形筋和胡子筋进行对接连接,板侧纵向拼缝通过胡子筋和植筋与边梁的纵筋进行连接,2个试件的计算跨度相同。本文采用在加载过程中突然拆除中间支座,得到楼板破坏形态、裂缝发展、承载能力、应变、最大变形等试验结果。对试件的受力过程、悬索作用机理进行分析,最后得到楼盖拼缝及板侧边梁连接构造的布置合理,新型预制装配式楼盖采用合适的周边连系和横向拼缝连接可以达到理想的抗倒塌能力。     

T形配钢钢骨混凝土柱抗震性能数值分析

为研究非对称配钢钢骨混凝土柱的抗震性能,基于12根T形配钢钢骨混凝土柱的拟静力试验研究进行非线性数值模拟,了解其破坏机制、承载力、延性及耗能能力,探讨轴压比、配钢率、剪跨比对抗震性能的影响。结果表明,低周反复荷载作用下T形配钢钢骨混凝土柱滞回曲线饱满,具有良好的延性和耗能能力。在峰值荷载前,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。轴压力在一定范围内提高了试件承载力,但降低了延性;增大配钢率能提高试件的承载力、刚度和延性,使得峰值荷载后试件的性能退化趋于平缓;剪跨比对试件破坏形态有显著影响,随剪跨比的增大试件延性性能提高。     

不同柱梁抗弯承载力比对框架结构抗倒塌性能的影响

设计不同柱梁抗弯承载力比(ηc-bua)的5个纤维增强混凝土(FRC)框架结构及3个钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构,利用性能评估软件Perform-3D进行Pushover及IDA计算分析,得出其破坏机制及易损性曲线。结果表明,柱、梁端部局部采用FRC后,承载力有一定提高,峰值位移有较大提高;ηc-bua对FRC框架结构的破坏机制影响很大;ηc-bua对FRC框架结构地震反应也有一定的影响,其比值越大,超越概率越小,且随期望破坏程度的加重,这种影响也趋于明显,当ηc-bua在1.2以上时,结构的倒塌概率均小于10%,满足大震不倒的概率要求。     

钢管高强混凝土叠合柱的抗震性能研究

通过周期性往复试验,研究了钢管高混凝土叠合柱柱的破坏形态,耗能能力、延性、承载力以及各种组成部分共同工作等内容,并与钢管高强混凝土核心柱进行了对比;随后通过计算,讨论了叠合柱中有关参数对其极限承载力和影响;最后给出了叠合柱正截面极限承载力的简化计算方法。