深部围岩流变特性试验研究及其模型辨识

采用分级增量循环加卸载方式,对湖南湘煤集团牛马司矿业公司水井头煤矿-300m东大巷二煤层底板粉砂岩进行了单轴蠕变特性试验,详细探讨了轴向蠕变变形特征,蠕变速率与时间和应力水平的关系,瞬时弹性模量和变形模量变化特征.试验结果表明,当应力水平低于岩石的长期强度时,粉砂岩只发生衰减蠕变,应力水平对蠕变速率变化的影响不明显;当应力水平高于岩石的长期强度时,岩石等速蠕变阶段明显.对流变试验数据进行深入分析的基础上,进行了流变模型辨识和基于最小二乘法的参数确定.根据不同应力水平下加卸载过程中岩石的蠕变特点,提出了采用改进的两原模型模拟岩石的蠕变特性.模型计算结果表明,改进后的西元模型既能够较好地描述低应力下的衰减蠕变,又能较精确地描述高应力下岩石的衰减蠕变和等速蠕变特性.     

包尔图地区Aster遥感岩性提取

介绍光谱排序编码法的原理并对其进行精度验证:在14种矿物的56个样品中最高精度为100%,最低为57%,平均为79.4%;分别提取包尔图地区以方解石、Al-OH Mg-OH和石英为主的岩石分布状况,与该区地质图对比结果表明,其分布与实际情况大体相同,从而证实了光谱排序编码法的目标提取能力。     

中国农村深度贫困的空间扫描与贫困分异机制的地理探测

从自然和社会经济因素中选取贫困的影响因子,建立评价指标体系,通过Pearson相关分析确定了贫困的主要影响因素,利用GIS空间分析和BP人工神经网络,分别模拟了省域、市域和县域3个尺度下的自然致贫指数与社会经济消贫指数,进一步计算获得了3个尺度下的贫困压力指数,对其空间分布格局进行分析;借助Flexible空间扫描探测识别出深度贫困县,在此基础上运用地理探测器揭示其主导致贫因素,并提出差别化的减贫对策建议。结果表明：① 省域、市域、县域3个尺度的自然致贫指数和贫困压力指数在空间分布上具有较高的一致性,呈现出明显的“东低西高”的空间分布格局;社会经济消贫指数的空间分布一致性不高,县域尺度更为破碎。以黑河—百色线为界,县域贫困压力指数在空间上表现出“大分散、小聚集”的分布状态。识别出的全国贫困县共计655个,主要分布在重点生态功能区和农产品主产区。② 3个尺度下,空间扫描识别出的贫困高风险区主要分布在西北、西南少数民族和边疆地区。县域尺度下识别出208个深度贫困县,多位于省际边缘区。③ 地理探测器识别出深度贫困县的7个致贫主导因素,按照主导因素将深度贫困县划分为地形要素制约型、区位交通制约型、经济收入制约型和生态环境制约型4类。     

运用因子分析评价山东黑泥湾沉积物重金属污染来源

在对山东黑泥湾沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As、Cr和有机质进行分析测试的基础上,运用因子分析评价沉积物中重金属污染来源,结果表明,山东黑泥湾沉积物中存在Pb、Zn和Cd污染;主成分分析中前3个主成分的贡献率分别为44.656%、19.068%和18.098%;认为山东黑泥湾重金属污染主要有3个来源:有机质降解、海上船舶排污和环境背景。     

Phase-array decomposition of a seismic section

A seismic re fraction/wide-angle reflection profile is analysed for the presence of correlated events ('phases'). The correlation problem is formulated in terms of temporally, spatially and frequency-local complex covariances. For robustness, the method concentrates on phase rather than amplitude information. This allows a computationally efficient algorithm that can make allowance for signal correlation length and can model curved wavefronts. A statistical test based on residual phase misfit across the analysed subarray is used to assess the probability that a detected event represents a real correlated signal.
With our chosen analysis parameters and confidence level (over 99.9 per cent). 1222 events were detected in the data. Using simple techniques based on 1-D earth models, detected events are associated with a small number of particular wave types. In this way, we have succeeded in classifying almost 95 per cent of the detected events. Those that remain describe those components of the data that are inconsistent with our simple ray paths in the 1-D assumption and with our prescribed tolerance. These include reverberations, near-surface guided waves and reflected waves from strongly laterally inhomogeneous structures. According to our modelling, about 25 per cent of the detected events are consistent with simple P -wave reflected energy, and these are to a very large extent (over 85 per cent) distinct from all the other wave-type models we have used. A direct mapping of the detected events into the offset-depth domain reveals dear internal and external consistencies among the detections for the various wave types. Estimated earth structure is consistent with models from previous analyses based on much larger data sets.
We have thus succeeded in extracting correlated events from the data and decomposing these, approximately but meaningfully, into distinct classes (ray paths)     

鄱阳湖湖区核心生态系统服务功能空间辨识

根据千年生态系统评估提出的评估概念框架,考察鄱阳湖湖区生态系统服务功能的形成机理,构建了鄱阳湖湖区生态系统服务功能表征指标体系,并利用多主题1km栅格成分数据模型,采用主成分分析法提取了鄱阳湖湖区核心生态系统服务功能综合表征指标。在此基础上,通过空间聚类分析,形成了鄱阳湖湖区生态系统服务功能分区,实现了各分区单元上生态系统服务功能的空间辨识。研究结果表明,鄱阳湖湖区核心生态系统服务功能包括了支持功能、供给功能、调节功能和文化功能,它们在空间上的排列组合形成了鄱阳湖湖区的10个生态系统服务功能分区,本文辨识了鄱阳湖湖区精细栅格水平上核心生态系统服务功能之间的差异及其空间分异特征。本研究提出的生态系统服务功能分区及其空间辨识方案,为鄱阳湖湖区生态系统服务功能的开发与保育提供决策参考信息。     

Baseline determination,pollution source and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Amu Darya Basin,Central Asia

Central Asia(CA) is one of the most fragile regions worldwide owing to arid climate and accumulated human activities, and is a global hotspot due to gradually deteriorating ecological environment. The Amu Darya Basin(ADB), as the most economically and demographically important region in CA, is of particular concern. To determine the concentration,source and pollution status of heavy metals(HMs) in surface sediments of the ADB, 154samples were collected and analyzed for metals across the basin. C...     

和田玉的鉴定与评估

新疆和田玉是世界软玉品种中最好的一种,有“玉王”之称。该文对和田玉的矿物组成、化学成分及物理性质进行了鉴定分析,提出了和田玉原料及玉器的评估方法。     

加蓬海岸盆地南、北次盆成藏特征对比

加蓬海岸盆地属于被动大陆边缘盆地。盆地沉积盖层主要由白垩系、古近系和新近系组成,沉积地层组合具有明显的三分性,包括早白垩世盐下层系、早白垩世晚期阿普特期盐膏层和晚白垩世至新近纪盐上层系。根据目前的油气发现,北加蓬主要富集盐上油气资源,南加蓬主要富集盐下油气资源。从构造沉积背景、油气地质条件、油气发现规模、油气平面分布、油气勘探潜力5方面对南、北次盆进行对比,分析南、北次盆的油气聚集差异,结合勘探现状分析其勘探潜力,并指出南加蓬次盆勘探难点为圈闭识别,北加蓬次盆的勘探难点是砂体预测。