楼面价在基准地价调整中的应用

从基于单位建筑面积的楼面价的意义和定义出发，探索出一条独具特色的基准地价表现形式，提出了操作性较强的城市建成区住宅用地和商业用地楼面价应用方法。对于城市未建成区，仍然采用地面价作为楼面价的辅助价。     

地质实习基地建设实践与思考——以昌平南口实习基地为例

为了突出实践教学效果,更好地完成任职教育,2012-2014年武警警种学院打造了南口综合地质实习基地。该基地筛选并确立了5条地质观测路线31个观察点。通过3年10个班次的野外地质实习,较好地完成了教学任务,丰富和发展了实习基地的内容,取得了良好的办学效益,反映出该基地具有较强的利用和推广价值。建设过程中,应重点抓好实习基地选址、实习计划与实习指导书编制工作,才能推进实习基地健康可持续发展。     

填土压实质量检测技术的发展与评析

准确与快速检测填土压实质量是工程施工与监理部门追求的目标,开发新的检测技术和标准,实现高质、快速和无损检测已成为亟待解决的重要任务之一。就现存及正在开发的、新的填土压实检测技术和标准,笔者从基本原理到施测技术等方面进行了全面的介绍、分析和评价,在对第一代压实系数K和第二代基床系数K30检测技术进行深入分析的基础上,阐述和介绍了第三代动刚度系数Kd和瑞利波速VR压实检测技术的基本理论、技术路线和仪器特性,并指出动态、无损、准确与快速将是开发填土压实质量检测仪器的必然技术路线     

煤炭基地水污染研究

为提高煤炭的持续、稳定供给能力,我国煤炭基地建设已经启动。由以往国内外煤炭开发的经验可知,煤炭基地的开发建设过程中极有可能发生水污染问题。在充分分析煤炭基地水污染相关问题的基础上,本文重点论述了煤炭基地水污染的概念、煤炭基地水污染研究的特点、煤炭基地水污染研究的阶段划分和煤炭基地水污染研究理论体系雏形,为相关问题的进一步研究奠定基础。     

Spectral analysis for a semi‐active–passive net‐zero base‐shear design concept

Passive high force‐to‐volume (HF2V) dampers offer significant displacement reduction and energy dissipation, but cannot customise overall response. Semi‐active resettable devices offer adaptive, custom hysteresis loops that reduce displacement and base shear, but have limited dissipation. This paper presents a new, combined concept to maximise displacement reduction without increasing base shear – a net‐zero base‐shear concept. HF2V devices, up to a maximum of 10% structural weight, are combined with fixed stiffness resettable devices. Spectral analyses are run for the three SAC ground motion suites that iteratively size the HF2V device at each structural period to achieve maximum displacement reductions without increasing median base shear. HF2V velocity dependence and the need to scale HF2V capacity to spectral velocity are examined in terms of their impact on the results of these analyses. The net‐zero approach reduces base shear by up to 50% and displacements by 30–70% over all ground motions, exceeding reductions obtained by either device separately by 30–50% (relative). The net‐zero condition is not reached within the device limits defined, except at relatively long periods (>3.5 s) because of a virtuous circle of reduced displacement from the resettable and HF2V devices outweighing the increased base shear from the HF2V devices alone. These results are independent of HF2V device scaling, design and velocity dependence. The overall net‐zero concept offers a significant advantage in a combination that cannot be achieved by passive or semi‐active solutions alone. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simplified inelastic seismic analysis of base‐isolated structures using the N2 method

In the paper a simplified nonlinear method has been applied to the analysis of base‐isolated structures. In the first part, a three‐linear idealization of the capacity curve is proposed. The initial stiffness is defined based on the first yielding point in the superstructure, whereas the secondary slope depends on the failure mechanism of the superstructure. A consequence is a much more pronounced secondary slope, which does not correspond to the presumptions used in the originally proposed N2 method. A parametric nonlinear dynamic study of single degree of freedom systems with different hardening slopes and damping has been performed for an ensemble of seven EC8 spectrum‐compatible artificial accelerograms. It was concluded that, in the long‐period range, the equal displacement rule could be assumed also for the proposed systems with non‐zero post‐yield stiffness. In the second part, the proposed idealization was used for the analysis of isolated RC frame buildings that were isolated with different (lead) rubber‐bearing isolation systems. The stiffness of the isolators was selected for three different protection levels and for three different ground motion intensities, which have resulted in elastic as well as moderately and fully damaged superstructure performance levels. Three different lateral load distributions were investigated. It was observed that a triangular distribution, with an additional force at the base, works best in the majority of practical cases. It was concluded that the N2 method can, in general, provide a reasonably accurate prediction of the actual top displacement, as well as of the expected damage to the superstructure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西湖凹陷平湖组层序地层划分和聚煤特征

西湖凹陷是我国东海盆地的一个次级凹陷,在凹陷断陷期的末期阶段发育的平湖组是一套含煤岩系,同时也是西湖凹陷的主力烃源岩。在对西湖凹陷地震、钻测井及岩心资料综合分析的基础上,在平湖组中识别出3个长期基准面旋回,其中发育了10个中期基准面旋回。平湖组发育煤层的主要沉积环境有潮汐影响的三角洲平原、潮汐影响的三角洲前缘的分流间湾和潮上带及辫状河三角洲前缘分流间湾。平湖组发育的3个层序是煤层发育的主要部位,其中长期基准面旋回LSC2是煤层最发育的层段。可容纳空间的大小控制着煤层在西湖凹陷平湖组短期基准面旋回中的发育位置:在高的可容纳空间背景下,煤层主要发育于短期基准面下降半旋回的中上部;在低的可容纳空间背景下,煤层主要发育于短期基准面旋回的最大可容纳空间处。     

大同煤田太原组含煤岩系基准面旋回与聚煤作用

结合大量钻孔岩心、测井、井田地震资料,按照基准面旋回理论原理对大同煤田石炭系太原组含煤层系高分辨率层序地层发育特征与聚煤作用进行分析。将太原组划分为1个长期基准面旋回,3个中期基准面旋回和7个短期基准面旋回,分析了不同中期基准面旋回沉积相序、短期旋回结构类型、叠加样式及其煤层聚集的控制因素,明确了中期旋回地层格架内砂体与煤层的分布规律及其响应特征。研究认为弱伸展、缓慢沉降的古构造背景以及温暖潮湿的古气候条件是太原组成煤的基础条件,中期基准面变化及所处的位置是聚煤的主控因素,在中期基准面旋回上升晚期,易发育厚度大,横向分布稳定的主力可采煤层;上升早中期或下降中晚期,多发育中薄层炭质泥岩与薄层煤层,煤层多零星分布,横向连续性差。     

Smart base isolated buildings with variable friction systems: H∞ controller and SAIVF device

A new control algorithm is developed for reducing the response of smart base isolated buildings with variable friction semiactive control systems in near‐fault earthquakes. The central idea of the control algorithm is to design a H_∞ controller for the structural system and use this controller to determine the optimum control force in the semiactive device. The H_∞ controller is designed using appropriate input and output weighting filters that have been developed for optimal performance in reducing near‐fault earthquake responses. A novel semiactive variable friction device is also developed and with the H_∞ controller shown to be effective in achieving response reductions in smart base isolated buildings in near‐fault earthquakes. The new variable friction device developed consists of four friction elements and four restoring spring elements arranged in a rhombus configuration with each arm consisting of a friction–stiffness pair. The level of friction force can be adjusted by varying the angle of the arms of the device leading to smooth variation of friction force in the device. Experimental results are presented to verify the proposed analytical model of the device. The H_∞ algorithm is implemented analytically on a five storey smart base isolated building with linear elastomeric isolation bearings and variable friction system located at the isolation level. The H_∞ controller along with the weighting filters leads to the smooth variation of friction force, thus eliminating the disadvantages associated with rapid switching. Several recent near‐fault earthquakes are considered in this study. The robustness of the H_∞ controller is shown by considering a stiffness uncertainty of ±10%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Compressive strength and frost heave resistance of different types of semi-rigid base materials after freeze-thaw cycles

Freeze-thaw damage is the most common disease of semi-rigid bases in cold regions, which may greatly affect the durability of roadways. In this study, the compressive strength and frost resistance of four different types of semi-rigid bases (lime-fly ash-stabilized sand, cement-stabilized sand, lime-fly ash-stabilized gravel, and cement-stabilized gravel) are assessed by varying the materials content. Based on freeze-thaw and compressive strength tests, this paper presents the performance of the different materials, each having different physical properties, and the optimal amounts of materials contents are proposed.