The effect of terrace geology on ground‐water movement and on the interaction of ground water and surface water on a mountainside near Mirror Lake,New Hampshire,USA

The west watershed of Mirror Lake in the White Mountains of New Hampshire contains several terraces that are at different altitudes and have different geologic compositions. The lowest terrace (FSE) has 5 m of sand overlying 9 m of till. The two next successively higher terraces (FS2 and FS1) consist entirely of sand and have maximum thicknesses of about 7 m. A fourth, and highest, terrace (FS3) lies in the north‐west watershed directly adjacent to the west watershed. This highest terrace has 2 m of sand overlying 8 m of till. All terraces overlie fractured crystalline bedrock. Numerical models of hypothetical settings simulating ground‐water flow in a mountainside indicated that the presence of a terrace can cause local ground‐water flow cells to develop, and that the flow patterns differ based on the geologic composition of the terrace. For example, more ground water moves from the bedrock to the glacial deposits beneath terraces consisting completely of sand than beneath terraces that have sand underlain by till. Field data from Mirror Lake watersheds corroborate the numerical experiments. The geology of the terraces also affects how the stream draining the west watershed interacts with ground water. The stream turns part way down the mountainside and passes between the two sand terraces, essentially transecting the movement of ground water down the valley side. Transects of water‐table wells were installed across the stream's riparian zone above, between, and below the sand terraces. Head data from these wells indicated that the stream gains ground water on both sides above and below the sand terraces. However, where it flows between the sand terraces the stream gains ground water on its uphill side and loses water on its downhill side. Biogeochemical processes in the riparian zone of the flow‐through reach have resulted in anoxic ground water beneath the lower sand terrace. Results of this study indicate that it is useful to understand patterns of ground‐water flow in order to fully understand the flow and chemical characteristics of both ground water and surface water in mountainous terrain. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AN ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY－MAKING IN REGULATING THE INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION IN TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL BASE IN MIDDLE LIAONING PROVINCE

ＡＮＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＴＨＥＰＯＬＩＣＹ－ＭＡＫＩＮＧＩＮＲＥＧＵＬＡＴＩＮＧＴＨＥＩＮＤＵＳＴＲＩＡＬＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＩＮＴＲＡＤＩＴＩＯＮＡＬＩＮＤＵＳＴＲＩＡＬＢＡＳＥＩＮＭＩＤＤＬＥＬＩＡＯＮＩＮＧＰＲＯＶＩ...     

建筑地基与基坑变形监测刍议

随着城市建设的高速发展 ,高层、超高层建筑在原建筑物稠密区大量兴建 ,加之过量超采城市地下水 ,带来的地基与基坑变形问题越来越突出。为了防治建筑地基与基坑变形灾害 ,必须建立操作性较强的变形监测系统 ,及时作好预警、预报工作 ,使变形监测的方法、技术更加完善。     

论基准地价更新与城市发展

随着市场经济向纵深发展,城市建设步伐的加快,城镇用地状况不断变化,基础设施不断改进,基准地价迫切需要更新.基准地价的确定和更新,对政府宏观调控地价水平,合理利用土地,以及进一步评估宗地地价和土地出让、转让、租赁、抵押等土地有偿使用及清产核资工作的开展,强化国有土地资产管理,防止国有土地资产及收益流失,规范土地市场等都具有重要的意义.     

空间直角坐标至两类常用坐标的快速变换

由空间直角坐标至站心极坐标的间接变换方法存在着使用复杂和不够直接快速的问题,该文提出了空间直角坐标至大地坐标快速变换的二维迭代方法;通过分析空间直角坐标与站心极坐标的几何关系,提出了站心极坐标直接变换的几何解析法。计算结果表明,当迭代停止条件采用空间点位误差限值10-5 m时,大地坐标变换的二维迭代法一般2次收敛;站心极坐标几何解析法与常规间接变换结果完全相同,验证了文中所提方法的正确性和快速性。     

《南京市基础测绘成果目录》图册的编制特点

概述了《南京市基础测绘成果目录》图册（以下简称《图册》）的编制背景、结构内容及开本与装订方式,较详细地介绍了资料收集整理的方法、地理底图的类型与选取内容、各项专题要素的设计表示的形式与特点。     

一种用于长距离网络RTK基准站模糊度固定的非组合方法

基准站模糊度固定是网络RTK系统初始化的前提条件。文中使用非组合方法来固定基准站间模糊度。该方法相对于传统组合方法而言具有以下3个优点:1)基于非组合观测值,避免了观测噪声的放大;2)将L2模糊度变换为L1与宽巷模糊度WL(Wide-Lane)模糊度的差值,同步求解WL和L1模糊度浮点解,简化了计算过程;3)WL模糊度由平差得到,部分模糊度固定后,加快了其他WL模糊度的固定速度。实验结果表明,非组合方法相对于传统方法而言,WL模糊度固定速度提高了24.5%;L1模糊度固定正确率提高了7.9%。可以认为,在网络RTK初始化方面,非组合方法要优于传统方法。     

地理信息系统的现状及其技术系统的研究动向

地理信息系统作为新兴的高技术系统，已经应用于整个空间信息的处理领域。本文将在分析现有系统应用水平和存在问题的基础上，着重讨论了六个方面值得重视的研究课题。