粗糙岩石裂隙低速非线性渗流模型及试验验证

岩体粗糙裂隙非线性渗透特性是岩体渗流研究的重要课题。针对Javadi所提T模型中亚裂隙中速度恒定这一假设的不足,将其修正为速度与开度成正比的经验关系,考虑黏性压降和局部压降,提出了新的低速下粗糙裂隙非线性渗流模型（MT模型）。为了验证MT模型的正确性,对5种不同粗糙裂隙进行了低流量的饱和渗流试验,将现有模型及MT模型的预测值与试验结果进行对比,分析表明MT模型与试验结果更为吻合,且模型适用于粗糙性系数JRC≤10的低粗糙度裂隙,雷诺数小于1 000的低流速情况。对MT模型进行分析,初步揭露了粗糙裂隙的非线性渗流机制,即小雷诺数下的Darcy流和大雷诺数下的Forchheimer流,并用临界雷诺数区分两种流动行为。分析了裂隙的粗糙度和开度对非线性渗流特性的影响,表明裂隙越粗糙或开度越小,则临界雷诺数越小,非线性作用将越强。提出了临界雷诺数与水力开度和绝对粗糙度的经验关系式,同时指出该关系式适用于JRC≤10的低粗糙度裂隙。     

矩形箱涵拉顶式施工中掘进机头拉力的计算

系统地介绍了矩形箱涵拉顶式施工中,掘进机头轴线方向的倾侧纠偏、机头顶进间歇防回缩所需的拉力的计算方法,并通过工程实例印证。根据理论分析和相应的计算公式可以得出矩形箱涵采用＂拉顶式＂工艺施工时,在其接受井内配置的拉力较为精确的计算结果,并能满足实际工程的需要。     

Quad and compact multitemporal C-band PolSAR observations for crop characterization and monitoring

Monitoring crop condition using optical satellite indices has a legacy of several decades. Early warning of variances in crop production is vital in mitigating regional and global food insecurity. Adoption of optical vegetation indices for this purpose is widespread, yet cloud cover impedes the acquisition of these data. Although early research using scatterometers and aircraft hinted at the sensitivity of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) responses to crop development, the implementation of satellite SAR observations in operational crop condition monitoring is limited. In the research presented here, volume-to-surface (V/S) scattering ratios derived from C-band RADARSAT-2 quad and simulated compact polarimetric (QP and CP) imagery are assessed for their potential to monitor crop growth. Both V/S ratios were strongly correlated with optical vegetation indices, including the widely adopted Normalized Difference and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Indices. The changes in the ratio of volume to surface scattering were correlated with variations in crop biomass. The results support the potential of a SAR scattering ratio for crop condition monitoring. In particular, encouraging results were reported for compact polarimetry, a mode that can be implemented to deliver broader swath coverage conducive to regional and national monitoring.     

叠前时间偏移的偏移孔径与采集孔径关系分析

叠前时间偏移是复杂构造成像有效的偏移方法之一,它能适应纵横向速度变化较大、倾角较大的偏移成像.影响偏移成像效果的主要因素是偏移孔径和偏移速度.偏移孔径过小,偏移剖面将损失陡倾角的同相轴;偏移孔径过大,会降低资料的偏移质量.虽然偏移孔径同野外采集孔径是完全不同的概念,但偏移孔径是受采集孔径约束的,采集孔径不够时,给再大的...     

星载SAR距离-多普勒定位算法中地球模型的修正

星载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,简称SAR)距离-多普勒定位算法(R-D算法)模型基于严格的成像几何构建,不需在视场中设置任何位置确知的特征点。但对具有一定高程的目标,以往的研究将目标高程直接加在平均赤道半径上对地球模型进行修正。由于地球体的椭球特征,这种修正并不能完全消除高程对定位误差的影响,会产生随纬度和目标高程变化的定位误差。本文介绍R-D定位算法的原理,推导将目标大地高归算至地球赤道半径的公式,给出地球模型合理的修正公式。最后根据实例和仿真分析,表明在低纬度的定位研究中,以往的修正方式仍然可以达到很高的精度;而在高纬度和高海拔地区,则会产生较大的定位误差,应使用更为合理的地球模型。     

基于合成孔径雷达的长江口海表流场反演

Range Doppler velocities derived from the Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar（ASAR） wide swath images are analyzed and assessed against the numerically simulated surface current fields derived from the finite volume coastal ocean model（FVCOM） for the Changjiang Estuary. Comparisons with the FVCOM simulations show that the European Space Agency（ESA） Envisat ASAR based Doppler shift anomaly retrievals have the capability to capture quantitative information of the surface currents in the Changjiang Estuary. The uncertainty analysis of the ASAR range Doppler velocity estimates are discussed with regard to the azimuthal and range bias corrections, radar incidence angles, inaccuracy in the wind field corrections and the presence of rain cells.The corrected range Doppler velocities for the Changjiang Estuary area are highly valuable as they exhibit quantitative expressions related to the multiscale upper layer dynamics and surface current variability around the East China Sea, including the Changjiang Estuary.     

计算凸域弦长分布函数的方法

利用广义支持函数和限弦函数讨论了弦长分布函数的计算问题,得到正三角形的弦长分布函数的显式表达式,所提供的方法具有普适性.     

A hybrid method for optimization of the adaptive Goldstein filter

The Goldstein filter is a well-known filter for interferometric filtering in the frequency domain. The main parameter of this filter, alpha, is set as a power of the filtering function. Depending on it, considered areas are strongly or weakly filtered. Several variants have been developed to adaptively determine alpha using different indicators such as the coherence, and phase standard deviation. The common objective of these methods is to prevent areas with low noise from being over filtered while simultaneously allowing stronger filtering over areas with high noise. However, the estimators of these indicators are biased in the real world and the optimal model to accurately determine the functional relationship between the indicators and alpha is also not clear. As a result, the filter always under- or over-filters and is rarely correct. The study presented in this paper aims to achieve accurate alpha estimation by correcting the biased estimator using homogeneous pixel selection and bootstrapping algorithms, and by developing an optimal nonlinear model to determine alpha. In addition, an iteration is also merged into the filtering procedure to suppress the high noise over incoherent areas. The experimental results from synthetic and real data show that the new filter works well under a variety of conditions and offers better and more reliable performance when compared to existing approaches.     

一种宽幅星载TOPSAR数据高效成像算法

得益于天线波束方位向扫描技术,星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）能够在渐进扫描模式（TOPS）下实现宽测绘带观测.在TOPS模式下,SAR波束沿着方位向进行逆时针反复扫描,并在距离向上进行多次切换,从而获取多个图像切片（burst）.为了获得均匀采样的完整成像结果,通常需要对各burst进行重采样,但这会增加额外的计算量,降低处理效率.本文提出了一种宽幅星载TOPSAR数据高效成像算法.首先,在去斜率操作中引入一种新的插值方法,可以灵活地调整最终图像的方位采样间隔,方便进行图像拼接.该方法避免了在聚焦处理前的补零操作,从而降低计算量.在此基础上,本文结合TOPS模式多burst的特点,设计了一种GPU并行处理架构,成倍地提高数据处理效率.最后,根据仿真数据进行了实验,验证了该成像算法的有效性和高效性.     

InSAR填海区地铁沿线地表沉降反演分析

为了更好地监测和掌握深圳填海区地铁工程结束后地铁沿线的地面沉降情况,该文利用TS-InSAR技术和20景2017年8月15日—2019年3月14日的Sentinel-1A SAR数据,借助POD精密定轨星历和ASTER GDEM V2分别去除轨道误差和地形相位,反演了深圳填海区2017—2019年地表沉降时间序列,并在此基础上重点分析了填海区地铁沿线地面沉降的时空演变规律以及地面沉降成因。结果显示,填海区各地铁沿线的地面沉降特征较为明显,最大沉降速率为-17.52 mm/a。其中,宝安中心、前海湾、深圳湾区段地铁沿线的地面沉降趋势较为严重,其地面沉降呈现逐渐增强和扩散趋势。