长周期波浪激发矩形港池多模态共振研究

长和宽接近的矩形港池存在横向、纵向及横纵向混合共振模态。采用基于混合有限元的椭圆型缓坡方程数值模型模拟不同波浪入射角的低频波浪激发矩形港池的多模态共振,并分析不同平面布置形式的矩形港池模态响应特性。结果表明,斜向波浪会激发港池的横向共振模态,其放大因子受入射角度影响较大,而纵向共振模态的放大因子受入射角度影响较小。口门宽度对港池的共振模态个数与放大因子均有影响,具体为:随着口门宽度增加,各阶模态放大因子减小。口门位置对纯横向以及纯纵向共振的振荡模式有显著影响,而对横向纵向混合模态影响较小。各阶模态放大因子的大小和波节线与波腹线与口门的相对位置密切相关。     

矩形棱柱体重力位三阶梯度张量正演计算公式

基于位场理论推导出矩形棱柱体重力位三阶梯度张量正演计算的解析公式,采用理论模型对比解析公式与重力位二阶梯度张量中心差分的计算结果,并以是否满足拉普拉斯方程作为检验标准,对推导公式的正确性进行验证。     

Theoretical Analysis of Bearing Capacity of Shallowly Embeded Rectangular Footing of Marine Structures

In this paper, the finite element analysis software ABAQUS is used to analyze the ultimate bearing capacity of three-dimensional rectangular footing of marine structures. The deformation law and the failure mode of homogeneous seabed soil beneath the rectangular footing are analyzed in detail. According to the equivalent plastic strain of soil under rectangular footing, an allowable velocity field of homogeneous seabed soil is reasonably constructed. Based on the plastic limit analysis theory of soil mass and by using the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion, an upper bound solution of the ultimate bearing capacity of three-dimensional rectangular footing on general homogeneous seabed soil is derived, and a correction factor of ultimate bearing capacity of three-dimensional rectangular footing is given. To verify the rationality and applicability of this theoretical solution, some numerical solutions are achieved using the general-purpose FEM analysis package ABAQUS, and comparisons are made among the derived upper bound solution, the solution of Vesic, and the solution of Salgado et al. The results indicate that the upper bound solution of the three-dimensional shallowly embedded rectangular footing proposed in this paper is accurate in calculating the bearing capacity of homogeneous seabed soil. For undrained saturated clay foundation and sandy foundation with smaller internal friction angle, this upper bound solution can evaluate the ultimate bearing capacity of rectangular footing; with the gradual increase of the internal friction angle of the soil, the ultimate bearing capacity of the proposed upper bound solution is slightly higher than that of the rectangular footing.     

Quad and compact multitemporal C-band PolSAR observations for crop characterization and monitoring

Monitoring crop condition using optical satellite indices has a legacy of several decades. Early warning of variances in crop production is vital in mitigating regional and global food insecurity. Adoption of optical vegetation indices for this purpose is widespread, yet cloud cover impedes the acquisition of these data. Although early research using scatterometers and aircraft hinted at the sensitivity of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) responses to crop development, the implementation of satellite SAR observations in operational crop condition monitoring is limited. In the research presented here, volume-to-surface (V/S) scattering ratios derived from C-band RADARSAT-2 quad and simulated compact polarimetric (QP and CP) imagery are assessed for their potential to monitor crop growth. Both V/S ratios were strongly correlated with optical vegetation indices, including the widely adopted Normalized Difference and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Indices. The changes in the ratio of volume to surface scattering were correlated with variations in crop biomass. The results support the potential of a SAR scattering ratio for crop condition monitoring. In particular, encouraging results were reported for compact polarimetry, a mode that can be implemented to deliver broader swath coverage conducive to regional and national monitoring.     

余弦调相散射波干扰对SAR双通道对消干扰抑制的影响

作为多通道合成孔径雷达(SAR)的一种高效便捷的抗干扰方法,SAR多通道对消技术可有效抑制包括散射波干扰在内的多种干扰类型,于是提出采用方位向余弦调相散射波干扰方法来对抗SAR双通道对消的干扰抑制能力。该方法通过对传统散射波干扰慢时间域进行余弦调相,不仅实现了干扰信号的方位向扩展,更使得干扰信号到达各通道之间的相位关系发生严重改变。这种相位差变化会影响干扰对消过程中的自动相位搜索环节,扰乱对消时所需补偿相位的估计结果,进而严重破坏对消后的真实场景成像。以SAR双通道对消系统为例分析了该干扰方法的影响效果,理论分析与实验结果表明:余弦调相散射波干扰可使得补偿相位的估计结果在慢时间上近似正弦分布;在双通道对消成像中,该干扰使得真实场景在方位向上被重复搬移,造成严重的影像重叠,同时在方位向上伴随着密集的明暗条纹;干扰效果可通过设定余弦调制频率、调制指数等参数进行控制。     

G0分布下基于白化滤波的极化SAR图像CFAR检测

在已有的极化合成孔径雷达(PolSAR)图像恒虚警(CFAR)检测方法中,存在着高分辨下杂波模型适用性差的难题。为解决此问题,提出了一种G_0分布下虚警概率具有闭合解析表达形式的CFAR检测方法,并定义虚警损失率(CFAR Loss, C_L)参数用以量化评估CFAR检测方法的恒虚警保持效果。首先,在乘积模型框架下,引入了逆Gamma纹理变量假设,推导出了多视极化白化滤波(MPWF)检测量的概率密度函数(PDF)。然后,对MPWF检测量的概率密度函数积分得到了虚警概率关于CFAR检测阈值的解析表达式,并设计了相应的CFAR检测流程。最后,采用仿真数据和AIRSAR实测数据对已有方法和新方法进行了算法运行时间、检测量拟合性能及目标检测性能对比。实验结果表明,方法运行时间比已有方法缩短3至30倍,具有良好的实时性;日本玉野地区的AIRSAR实测数据结果表明G_0分布对高分辨不均匀海区具有良好的拟合性能,且新方法在G_0分布和非G_0分布海区均能有效检测出目标,鲁棒性较强,相比其他检测方法品质因数(FoM)平均高出15.78%;C_L分析结果表明新方法具有良好的恒虚警保持性能,同时指出杂波对数累积量散点距离G_0分布曲线越近,新方法的恒虚警保持效果越好。     

用模糊综合评判法优选大射电望远镜候选台址

贵州大射电望远镜候选台址优选,需综合考虑喀斯特洼地几何条件、工程条件、地质条件、气象条件和无线电环境等因素.因上述各因素具复杂性、模糊性和难量化性等特点,本文采用模糊综合评判法进行大射电望远镜候选台址优选.经研究,大射电望远镜候选台址优评价指标可取"长短轴比、最小挖填方率、最适宜口径、洼地闭合情况、岩体结构、地质灾害、洼底水文条件、交通状况"等8个参数,综合评判结果集为"好、较好、一般、差".采用专家评定法和降半梯形分布相结合的隶属度评价模型,共选出38个大射电望远镜候选台址.它们集中分布于三大区域内:一是以平塘、紫云、惠水、罗甸、荔波为中心区域;二是以普定、安顺、镇宁为中心区域;三是以安龙、兴义和关岭为中心区域.     

Rating health and stability of engineering structures via classification indexes of InSAR Persistent Scatterers

We propose a novel set of indexes to classify the information content of Persistent Scatterers (PS) and rate the health of engineering structures at urban to local scale. PS are automatically sampled and grouped via ‘control areas’ coinciding with the building and its surrounding environment. Density over the ‘control areas’ and velocity of PS are converted respectively into: Completeness of Information Index (I_ci) that reflects the PS coverage grade; and Conservation Criticality Indexes (I_cc) which rate the health condition of the monument separately for the object and surrounding control areas. The deformation pattern over the structure is classified as isolated (i) or diffused (d) based on the Velocity Distribution Index (I_vd). Both I_ci and I_cc are rated from A to E classes using a colour-coded system that intentionally emulates an energy-efficiency scale, to encourage the exploitation of PS by stakeholders and end-users in the practise of engineering surveying. Workability and reliability of the classification indexes are demonstrated over the urban heritage of Florence, Italy, using well established ERS-1/2 (1992–2000) descending, ENVISAT (2003–2010) ascending and descending PS datasets. The indexes are designed in perspective of handling outputs from InSAR processing of higher-resolution time series.     

利用倒数灰度熵和改进Chan-Vese模型进行SAR河流图像分割

为了进一步提高合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像中河流分割的精度和速度,提出了一种基于人工蜂群优化的倒数灰度熵多阈值选取与改进Chan-Vese(CV)模型相结合的分割方法。考虑SAR图像中河流目标和背景类内灰度的均匀性,提出了基于蜂群优化的倒数灰度熵多阈值选取方法,以此对河流图像进行粗分割;针对基本CV模型收敛速度低、对初始条件敏感的问题,利用图像边缘强度取代Dirac函数,将粗分割结果作为改进CV模型的初始条件,对河流图像进行细分割。大量试验结果表明,所提出的分割方法无须设置初始条件,运行速度快,分割精度高。     

IBIS-L系统及其在大坝变形监测中的应用

主要介绍了地基合成孔径雷达,阐述了干涉测量成像系统IBIS-L的结构和基本原理,将IBIS-L系统应用于国内外几个大坝的变形计算与分析,获得了较为准确的大坝位移量,认为IBIS-L系统可以应用于大坝的变形监测,同时认为大坝变形监测时受大气的影响较大,如何有效地进行大气影响改正和提高IBIS-L技术的变形监测精度是值得深入研究的课题。