星载SAR卫星轨道状态向量确定理论与应用

简要介绍星载SAR轨道特点以及轨道状态向量确定方法,利用Gamma软件获得一景SAR影像的粗轨和精轨数据,并在Matlab下用多项式拟合方法实现数据拟合,并给出拟合品质的好坏,表明DEOS提供的精密轨道数据对干涉处理具有较好的效果。     

基于虚拟特显点的高精度InSAR性能评估方法

由于特显点的高相干性,基于图像特显点的InSAR性能评估方法存在指标计算偏高的技术缺陷.为了客观评价InSAR性能,通过在实际特显点邻域引入虚拟特显点作为评估样本点,提出一种改进的InSAR性能评估方法.该方法利用特显点的高信杂比特性,并通过实际特显点和虚拟特显点的精确相对定位,可准确估计虚拟特显点在SAR图像中位置坐标,同时避免了特显点高相干性的不利影响.全流程的分布式卫星InSAR信号仿真实验验证了虚拟特显点InSAR性能评估方法的有效性,绝对、相对干涉相位估计精度及绝对、相对测高精度等主要InSAR性能指标的计算精度更高.     

雷达图像模拟方法分析

目前最常用的雷达图像模拟方法有两种：以信号为基础的模拟方法和以特征为基础的模拟方法。首先介绍了雷达图像模拟的重要性,然后分析了两种方法的原理和特点,给出了各自的模拟流程,最后根据某一场景的DEM数据实现了该场景雷达图像的模拟,讨论两种模拟方法的侧重点和应用范围。     

鲤、草鱼在400 Hz矩形波连续音驯化下对模型网的行为反应研究

定置网具是1种被动过滤性渔具,其渔获效果往往受水流、底质以及季节等因素的影响.为了改进传统的定置网具,本试验参考定置张网、多门网箱簖以及底层鱼诱捕定置网箱等定置网中拦网、八字门的设计参数,结合本次试验条件设计了由拦网、八字门组成的模型网,研究了鲤、草鱼在400 Hz矩形波连续音的刺激下对该模型网的行为反应,探讨了音响驯化技术与定置网具相结合的联合渔法中拦网、八字门的相关参数以及开发新渔具、渔法的可行性.结果表明,鲤、草鱼在声音刺激下能够通过模型网至聚集区内聚集,其平均开始进入拦网时间分别为76.9和89.4 s;平均开始进入八字门时间分别为79.3和71.2 s;平均开始聚集时间分别为120.0和96.0 s;平均聚集时间分别为125.8和87.8 s;平均聚集率为76.5%和84.2%.由此可见,结合音响驯化技术能够提高定置网具的捕捞效率.     

Atmospheric frontal gravity waves observed in satellite SAR images of the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea

In the satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea, the authors observe sea surface imprints of wave-like patterns with an average wavelength of 3.8 km. Comparing SAR observations with sea surface wind fields and surface weather maps, the authors find that the occurrence of the wave-like phenomena is associated with the passing of atmospheric front. The authors define the waves as atmospheric frontal gravity waves. The dynamical parameters of the wave packets are derived from statistics of 9 satellite SAR images obtained from 2002 to 2008. A two-dimensional linear physical wave model is used to analyze the generation mechanism of the waves. The atmospheric frontal wave induced wind variation across the frontal wave packet is compared with wind retrievals from the SAR images. The CMOD-5 (C-band scatterometer ocean geophysical model function) is used for SAR wind retrievals VV (transmitted vertical and received vertical) for ENVISAT and HH (transmitted horizontally and received horizontally) for RADARSAT-1. A reasonable agreement between the analytical solution and the SAR observation is reached. This new SAR frontal wave observation adds to the school of SAR observations of sea surface imprints of AGWs including island lee waves, coastal lee waves, and upstream Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGW).     

Integrating gravimetric and interferometric synthetic aperture radar data for enhancing reservoir history matching of carbonate gas and volatile oil reservoirs

Reservoir history matching is assuming a critical role in understanding reservoir characteristics, tracking water fronts, and forecasting production. While production data have been incorporated for matching reservoir production levels and estimating critical reservoir parameters, the sparse spatial nature of this dataset limits the efficiency of the history matching process. Recently, gravimetry techniques have significantly advanced to the point of providing measurement accuracy in the microgal range and consequently can be used for the tracking of gas displacement caused by water influx. While gravity measurements provide information on subsurface density changes, i.e., the composition of the reservoir, these data do only yield marginal information about temporal displacements of oil and inflowing water. We propose to complement gravimetric data with interferometric synthetic aperture radar surface deformation data to exploit the strong pressure deformation relationship for enhancing fluid flow direction forecasts. We have developed an ensemble Kalman‐filter‐based history matching framework for gas, gas condensate, and volatile oil reservoirs, which synergizes time‐lapse gravity and interferometric synthetic aperture radar data for improved reservoir management and reservoir forecasts. Based on a dual state–parameter estimation algorithm separating the estimation of static reservoir parameters from the dynamic reservoir parameters, our numerical experiments demonstrate that history matching gravity measurements allow monitoring the density changes caused by oil–gas phase transition and water influx to determine the saturation levels, whereas the interferometric synthetic aperture radar measurements help to improve the forecasts of hydrocarbon production and water displacement directions. The reservoir estimates resulting from the dual filtering scheme are on average 20%–40% better than those from the joint estimation scheme, but require about a 30% increase in computational cost.     

基于合成孔径技术CSAMT成像研究

可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)在实际生产中具有广泛的应用,但依然存在着一些急需解决的问题,需引进新技术和方法,提高其探测、解释精度.根据CSAMT中同一目标体相邻的回波信号具有很强的相关性,借助合成孔径思想,对CSAMT数据进行相关叠加合成,进而提高其探测精度.本文首先解决了把应用于波动场的合成孔径技术应用到频率域扩散场中,再通过模型算例表明合成孔径技术可以有效的增强弱信号、提高分辨率、减小场源效应、提高信噪比等,通过噪声加载,也进一步证实了合成孔径成像技术在CSAMT的有效性.     

基于SAR偏移量跟踪法提取岗纳楼冰川流速

冰川动态变化监测有助于反映全球和区域气候演变,保护自然环境和自然资源。近年来,基于SAR数据研究冰川运动已成为主流技术之一。基于SAR提取冰川流速主要包括合成孔径雷达干涉测量、多孔径雷达干涉和偏移量追踪法。本文采用SAR偏移量追踪法中的强度追踪法,提取青海省哈拉湖东北部岗纳楼冰川沿距离向、方位向的冰川流速。试验结果表明,距离向冰川运动速度提取效果较好,最大流速达15.36 m/a,流速从中轴向两侧递减,在冰舌末端趋于0;方位向提取的冰流速最大达18.27 m/a,但因电离层干扰,方位向流速图中存在一些方位向条纹。此外,由于冰流速在方位向分量小等因素的影响,本文研究提取的方位向流速精度低于距离向。     

基于SAR极化比和纹理特征的海面溢油识别方法

针对海洋表面SAR影像的特点,采用基于灰度共生矩阵的纹理特征方法是提取海面溢油信息的常用方法,但实际海洋表面复杂的信息使得SAR图像上产生类似溢油现象的暗斑区域,这导致在利用纹理特征方法提取溢油信息时存在虚警率,降低了溢油信息的提取精度。基于RADARSAT-2 SAR四极化影像,本文提出基于SAR极化比影像的纹理特征识别方法对海面油膜进行识别提取。结果显示,基于SAR极化比影像的纹理特征识别方法可以有效且准确地提取海面溢油信息,相比于VV极化影像的纹理特征识别方法,溢油监测过程中的虚警率降低了17.96%,溢油监测总体精度达到96.83%。     

喀拉海峡潮-地相互作用激发非线性内波的数值模拟

Nonlinear internal waves(NIWs) are ubiquitous around the Kara Sea, a part of the Arctic Ocean that is north of Siberia. Three hot spot sources for internal waves, one of which is the Kara Strait, have been identified based on Envisat ASAR. The generation and evolution of the NIWs through the interactions of the tide and topography across the strait is studied based on a nonhydrostatic numerical model. The model captures most wave characteristics shown by satellite data. A typical inter-packets distance on the Barents Sea side is about 25 km in summer, with a phase speed about 0.65 m/s. A northward background current may intensify the accumulation of energy during generation, but it has little influence on the other properties of the generated waves. The single internal solitary wave(ISW) structure is a special phenomenon that follows major wave trains, with a distance about 5–8 km. This wave is generated with the leading wave packets during the same tidal period. When a steady current toward the Kara Sea is included, the basic generation process is similar, but the waves toward the Kara Sea weaken and display an internal bore-like structure with smaller amplitude than in the control experiment. In winter, due to the growth of sea ice, stratification across the Kara Strait is mainly determined by the salinity, with an almost uniform temperature close to freezing. A pycnocline deepens near the middle of the water depth(Barents Sea side), and the NIWs process is not as important as the NIWs process in summer. There is no fission process during the simulation.