电荷守恒与CCD孔径测光

Lick天文台的CCD控制器是一类新型控制器,它能够在同一CCD系统内实现MPP(Multi—pinned phase)和通常工作模式间的转换．自2002年起中国至少有4架 CCD照相机使用这类控制器．此控制器的弱点是溢出发生在非线性前,而且远在饱和以前．虽然这对亮的面光源观测不利,并且它妨碍了使用亮星构建点扩散函数(psf)．但是由于电荷守恒原理,对亮的点源(恒星)的孔径测光依然可行．观测证明了此结论．     

Experimental study on the effectiveness of TLDs under wave loading

The objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the effectiveness of Tuned Liquid Dampers (TLDs) for suppressing the dynamic response of a platform structure subjected to wave loading and to explore the applicability of TLDs for suppressing the structural vibration of fixed offshore platforms. The experimental model is scaled according to a full size platform by matching its dynamic properties. Rectangular and circular TLDs of various sizes and water depths are examined.The experiments were performed in a 2-D wave flume. The effectiveness of TLDs is evaluated based on their response reduction. By observing the performance and the behavior of TLDs through laboratory experiments, the effects of a number of parameters including container shape, container size, number of dampers, frequency ratio, mass ratio, and incident wave characteristics are investigated.     

基于卫星编队InSAR系统误差源分析

误差源分析是一个系统产品精度保障的前提条件.介绍了InSAR高程测量的基本原理;根据基本原理,从影响高程测量精度的基线长度、基线倾角、相位差、雷达天线到地面目标点的距离以及雷达天线高度等5个要素着手;依据这5个要素的产生过程,结合基于编队卫星InSAR系统的特点对系统的误差源进行了研究;最后较系统地分析出了影响编队卫星InSAR系统的误差源.     

结合相似块匹配及线性最小均方误差滤波器的全极化雷达影像去噪

针对全极化合成孔径雷达Pol SAR(Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar)影像相干斑噪声严重的问题,提出了一种结合相似块匹配和线性最小均方误差原理的去噪方法。该方法首先在原始影像上实现相似块组的匹配,进而利用线性最小均方误差滤波器对影像块组进行滤波得到初始去噪结果;然后,同时利用原始影像和初始去噪影像的信息进行相似块组的重新匹配,并再次利用线性最小均方误差原理对重匹配影像块进行去噪,得到影像最终的去噪结果。利用模拟的Pol SAR影像和高分三号卫星Pol SAR影像进行了算法效果的验证。结果表明,去噪算法在显著抑制影像噪声水平的同时,也能较好地保持影像的边缘和极化特性等细节信息。     

时序双极化SAR开采沉陷区土壤水分估计

开采沉陷地质灾害诱发矿区生态环境恶化的关键因子是土壤水分变化。研究提出了一种利用Sentinel-1A双极化SAR和OLI地表反射率数据联合反演土壤含水量的方法,即基于归一化水体指数(NDWI)反演植被含水量;采用Water-Cloud Model(WCM)模型消除植被对Sentinel-1A后向散射系数产生的影响,将其转化为裸土区的后向散射系数;利用基于AIEM模型和Oh模型建立的经验模型反演研究区地表参数,并用OLI光学反演结果进行验证;最后比较了开采沉陷区内外土壤水分含量。研究表明:(1)与基于OLI的土壤水分监测指数(SMMI)的土壤水分含量反演结果相比,两种极化方式中VH极化反演的水分结果具有更好的一致性,且两种极化方式反演结果也表明荒漠化草原区比黄土丘陵沟壑区反演效果更好,说明地形对后向散射的影响不可忽略。(2)在2016年内72期数据中,VH极化反演结果对比区土壤水分含量大于沉陷区的有41期,所占比例为57%;VV极化反演结果对比区土壤水分含量大于沉陷区的有36期,所占比例为50%,且不同矿区内的沉陷区受到的影响不同。说明开采沉陷造成的地表粗糙度的增加会对地表土壤水分产生负面影响,但不同矿区之间又有差异。     

改进的ELU卷积神经网络在SAR图像舰船检测中的应用

随着航天技术的发展,我国SAR载荷的探测体系呈现多种类、多分辨率的发展趋势。传统的检测识别方法很难适应多分辨率、多种类的SAR图像数据,从而需要寻求一种能从多分辨率的图像数据中提取有效特征的方法。智能化发展非常迅速,本文基于SAR图像的特点,提出了改进的ELU激活函数卷积神经网络的方法,建立了结合ELU激活函数和二次代价函数的深度学习模型。同时,在训练样本中建立样本特征与所在分类中心的距离函数,用模糊支持向量机（FSVM）对提取的特征进行了分类。试验结果表明,本文方法提高了SAR图像舰船检测的抗噪性,并且检测率达到了98.6%。     

基于GPS基线向量计算机场跑道真方位角

本文介绍了GPS相对静态定位测量结合站心地平直角坐标系计算跑道真方位角的方法,通过坐标方位角加上改正值计算真方位角的方法进行验证,结合工程实例对该方法进行验证。该方法计算过程简单,可靠性好,省时省力。     

On the potential of Bartlett Lewis rectangular pulse models for simulating rainfall in Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract

The applicability of two versions of the Bartlett Lewis rectangular pulse model, the original and the modified model, is discussed for describing the temporal and spatial variation of rainfall patterns observed at 15 raingauge stations in Peninsular Malaysia over the period 1971–2008; 17 different sets of moment combinations are fitted to these models based on the generalized method of moments approach. The common statistics included in all sets are the mean, variance, lag-1 autocorrelation and the probability of dry based on the hourly rainfall data. The analysis was carried out on hourly rainfall data from all 15 stations for all months of the year. Two stations, Petaling Jaya and Kemaman, located on the west and east coasts of the Peninsula, respectively, are considered for illustration of the results, taking the months of July and November, which correspond to the driest and wettest months, corresponding to the southwest monsoon (May–August) and northeast monsoon (November–February), respectively. The best moment combination found for the illustrative results is based on the common statistics, as well as the mean and variance based on 24-h aggregated rainfall data, the inclusion of which successfully improved the model performance; the errors were significantly reduced. It was also found that the performance of the fitted models based on the mean absolute deviate error varies according to the type of Bartlett Lewis model applied: errors are much smaller for the fitted model based on the modified model as compared to the original model. In addition, the fitted statistics: mean, lag-1 autocorrelation and probability of dry are quite well fitted for several aggregated time scales; however, the variances are underestimated in both models for all aggregated time scales, particularly in the case of the original model. The results of extreme value analysis indicate that the modified model failed to reproduce the annual hourly and daily rainfall extremes satisfactorily.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor C. Onof

Citation Hanaish, I.S., Ibrahim, K., and Jemain, A.A., 2013. On the potential of Bartlett Lewis rectangular pulse models for simulating rainfall in Peninsular Malaysia. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (8), 1690–1703.     

泥化弱胶结软岩地层中矩形巷道的变形破坏过程分析

在西部地区,一定数量的矿区处于泥化弱胶结软岩地层,此类软岩胶结性差、强度低、遇水泥化。矩形是采区巷道的常用型式,但其断面受力不均、稳定性差。在上述软岩地层中的矩形巷道承载力低、变形量大、变形持续时间长,给煤矿的安全生产带来极大困难。以内蒙古新上海一号煤矿皮带顺槽矩形巷道为背景,运用FLAC3D软件中的Cvisc黏弹塑性模型,对矩形巷道的变形破坏进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与现场监测结果对比分析。结果表明:巷道开挖支护后,受断面形状影响,矩形巷道四角出现压应力集中和顶板受拉区,巷道顶板下沉量大,底板底臌严重,两帮向巷道挤出;受围岩岩性影响,围岩进入塑性的时间快短、范围大,塑性区超出了支护体的作用范围,造成锚杆(索)的锚固效果难以完全发挥,围岩出现整体滑动的现象;巷道变形呈现出流变变形的特性,变形量随时间持续增加,持续的蠕变变形超出了支护体的可控范围,最终引起巷道的失稳破坏。     

“雷达干涉测量”课程教学设计与实践

雷达干涉测量作为遥感对地观测领域中的热点学科,受到测绘、地质、矿业、水利、国土资源、航空航天、地震等各行各业的广泛关注。为了适应科技发展对雷达干涉测量高级人才的需求,许多高校开设了或即将开设“雷达干涉测量”等相关课程。结合东北大学在“雷达干涉测量”课程教学及实践中的经验,围绕课程教学设计、教学方法、教学实践中遇到的问题及解决方案等方面进行了详细探讨,为促进高素质雷达遥感人才培养工作贡献力量。