Aerial survey for archaeology

Aerial photography for archaeology has been developing its approaches and techniques over the past 100 years so that it now integrates the results of reconnaissance with extensive interpretative and analytical surveys. This paper introduces the philosophy and approach of the English Heritage (EH) Aerial Survey team, covering aerial reconnaissance and the National Mapping Programme (NMP), as well as the potential developments and opportunities in Europe. In the 1980s there was a debate over the nature of the evidence derived from aerial photographs, especially how to describe archaeological features. As part of NMP a classification and recording system has been devised which meets most of the users' needs, be they national organisations, county archaeologists, commercial contractors or university-based researchers. The maps and records produced by NMP are used to further our understanding of the past human settlement in England, not only at the individual site level, but also in regional or landscape contexts. This paper provides an overview of the current progress of NMP and acts as an entrée for explaining the current research and recording of archaeological landscapes throughout Europe. Recent developments in Britain and Europe have provided the opportunity for a greater priority to be given to aerial survey and accelerating programmes of mapping. In Europe the ending of the cold war has allowed greater access to aerial photographs and the possibility of beginning new reconnaissance, as well as introducing new forms of remote sensing. All these developments have led to a transformation of our understanding of prehistoric, Roman and medieval archaeology.     

Geomorphic analysis of large alluvial rivers

Geomorphic analysis of a large river presents particular challenges and requires a systematic and organised approach because of the spatial scale and system complexity involved. This paper presents a framework and blueprint for geomorphic studies of large rivers developed in the course of basic, strategic and project-related investigations of a number of large rivers. The framework demonstrates the need to begin geomorphic studies early in the pre-feasibility stage of a river project and carry them through to implementation and post-project appraisal. The blueprint breaks down the multi-layered and multi-scaled complexity of a comprehensive geomorphic study into a number of well-defined and semi-independent topics, each of which can be performed separately to produce a clearly defined, deliverable product. Geomorphology increasingly plays a central role in multi-disciplinary river research and the importance of effective quality assurance makes it essential that audit trails and quality checks are hard-wired into study design. The structured approach presented here provides output products and production trails that can be rigorously audited, ensuring that the results of a geomorphic study can stand up to the closest scrutiny.     

普查小型矿床时的研究程度问题初议

小型矿床开发利用在我国矿业中占有十分重要的地位。但小型矿床一般只经过普查工作，研究程度低。如何利用普查资料进行小型矿山建设，又不致造成大的失误？这是一个十分现实的问题，本文对其进行了初步探讨。     

勘察场地岩溶地面塌陷评价方法探讨--压力差效应理论的工程意义

岩溶地面塌陷是一种危害极大的突发性地质灾害。该文介绍了岩溶地面塌陷形成机制－“压力差效应”理论,并应用该理论探讨岩溶场地地面塌陷的评价和预防方法。     

高速公路软土地基勘察技术初探

文章简要论述了软土地基的特征及其危害性,提出高速公路软土地基的勘察应采用综合勘探的方法,建立了勘察技术流程图,并认为对土性测试数据应采用数理统计进行整理与分析.     

继续发扬欧阳宗圻先生的创新精神,迎接新世纪的挑战

为庆贺欧阳宗圻先生的八十寿辰,《矿产与地质》本期回顾总结了我国冶金和有色金属地球化学勘查的发展历史和现状.综述了欧阳宗圻先生等人在冶金和有色金属行业的主要创新成果,以资鼓励从事金属矿产勘查的我国年轻一代地球化学工作者,继续发扬欧阳宗圻先生的创新精神,在新世纪中,迎接矿产资源地球化学勘查和环境生态污染地球化学治理等应用地球化学的新挑战.     

地质勘察数据发布系统的设计与实现

研究了基于Microstation Publisher环境下的地质勘察信息发布系统的体系结构、数据组织和功能模块,开发了深圳市城市勘察地理信息系统,实现了网络发布。     

现场X射线荧光检测技术研究

论述了现场X射线荧光勘查技术的物理基础、仪器设备和方法技术。在地质普查的不同阶段,应用手提式X射线荧光仪可对水系沉积物化探样品、天然产状下的土壤或岩石进行多种成矿元素或其伴生元素的定性、定量测定,实时提供分析结果,进而在野外发现矿异常、及时追踪异常源和现场评价异常。     

3S技术集成及其在公路工程中的应用

从公路选线、工程地质勘察、工程设计到公路运行管理,3S技术的信息分析方法有其他手段不可替代的作用;遥感航测制图更有其速度快、质量高、节省人力物力的优势,而3维遥感数据是公路勘测设计自动化的基础,是体现设计思想、优化路线方案最先进有效的手段。     

木里德工牛场斑岩铜矿矿床地质特征及找矿

木里德工牛场地处西南三江成矿区的甘孜-理塘结合带南段西缘,成矿地质条件优越。根据该矿床所处的区域地质特征及矿区地质特征,对矿区的地层、构造、岩浆岩、围岩蚀变及矿石特征进行了详细的说明和探讨,从而得出该矿床具有斑岩型矿床的特征。结合已有的地质勘探工程成果,提出了应注重三个方面的找矿方向。