坝基混凝土防渗墙与泥皮接触面试验研究

通过对不同厚度的泥皮和不同粗糙程度的混凝土接触面的大型剪切试验研究,得出不同的强度和变形指标,试验结果表明,在同样的泥皮厚度条件下,混凝土接触面越粗糙能够得到较高的强度和变形指标;在相同的接触面粗糙条件下,泥皮厚度越薄越能得到较高的强度和变形指标。对于上述不同试验条件下强度和变形指标产生差异的原因进行分析,试验中考虑泥皮的存在是合适的。     

Sulfate Attack on Concrete in an Inland Salt Lake Environment

INTRODUCTIONSulfate attack is one of the reasons for concretestructures deteriorating earlier than usual,thusshowing poor durability.The SO42-from the sur-rounding environment such as ocean,saline,groundwater,and even the concrete itself,reacts with thehydration products of cement,whichleads to the de-terioration of the concrete(Li et al.,2000;Kang,1995;Neville,1983;Samarai,1976).The deteriora-tionincludes three processes:the external swelling,cracking,peeling,and disjointing caused by …     

基于Mohr-Coulomb准则的喷粉桩静载实验与三维数值模拟

在土建、交通、水利等工程建设中利用喷粉桩来处理软弱地基,被称为是经济、快速、有效实用的方法。结合南京四桥桩基施工工程,对工程中所用到的喷粉桩进行静荷载试验,并采用三维有限元数值模拟的方法对单桩复合地基进行数值计算,所得计算结果与实验数据基本吻合。     

混凝土结构损伤的分形特征实验分析

在物理模型试验中分析了混凝土结构损伤演化中的分形行为,揭示了混凝土结构的裂缝生长及表面裂缝分布具有分形特性,表明分形维可以定量描述表面裂缝分布。利用分形几何学研究混凝土结构的损伤演化过程,证明了结构表面裂缝分布分形维与结构力学性能之间存在良好线性相关性,认为表面裂缝分形维可作为度量混凝土损伤程度的损伤特征因子。与基于振动理论的损伤特征因子相比,这一新特征因子具有自己的一些特色和优势,为创建新的混凝土结构健康诊断和安全性评价方法体系提供了一条新途径。     

浅析混凝土质量通病防治的措施

在混凝土工程施工时，经常会发现诸如蜂窝、麻面、孔洞、露筋、缝隙、夹层、缺棱掉角、表面不平整。混凝土强度不够，均质性差等质量通病。在分析产生混凝土施工质量问题原因的基础上，有针对性地提出了各种防治措施。     

温石棉通过活性氧激活线粒体通路诱导A549细胞凋亡的机制研究

探讨活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)在温石棉激活线粒体通路诱导A549凋亡中的作用。采用不同浓度温石棉粉尘染毒人肺上皮细胞(A549)后,MTT法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞术检测ROS抑制剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetyl-L-cysteine,NAC)预处理前后的细胞凋亡率、胞内ROS水平及线粒体膜电位,Western Blot法检测各组细胞半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase-3)、p53蛋白表达水平。实验结果显示,温石棉可降低A549细胞存活率,呈现时间-剂量效应关系;NAC可显著减少胞内ROS水平、阻止线粒体膜电位下降,并下调caspase-3、p53蛋白的表达水平,抑制部分细胞凋亡的发生。表明ROS可通过诱导p53蛋白过表达,激活线粒体凋亡通路,诱导A549细胞发生凋亡。     

模拟不同气候条件下碳酸盐岩风化作用的淋溶实验研究

通过模拟干热、湿热与干冷3种气候条件,以饱和CO2水作为淋溶液,对黔中岩溶区3条碳酸盐岩风化壳岩-土界面的岩粉层试样进行了淋溶实验(其中干热、湿热条件下淋溶到残余酸不溶物阶段),对淋出液的pH值以及主要造岩元素的浓度进行了动态分析。结果表明,碳酸盐岩风化壳岩-土界面由岩到土的转变过程中,伴随碳酸盐的溶蚀,酸不溶物已表现出明显的风化倾向。碳酸盐的溶蚀强度表现为干冷>干热>湿热的变化趋势。温度低,碳酸盐的溶解速率大;排水条件好,碳酸盐溶解释放的Ca、Mg易随风化流体排出体系。对于酸不溶物组分,淋溶实验中有:(1)K、Na、Mg、Si、P的载体矿物风化强度在干热条件下最大(至于Ca,由于方解石与白云石均是其主要的载体矿物,酸不溶物相中的Ca难以在淋出液中有效识别)。在干冷与湿热之间,K、Na、Mg等盐基离子的溶出能力大多表现为湿热>干冷,指示了温度对盐基离子释放强度的重要制约作用;而Si和P未表现出一致的变化趋势,可能源于淋溶体系微环境的差异。(2)Fe与Mn表现出弱迁移性。其中,Fe在干冷环境下淋出强度最弱,说明温度是制约含Fe矿物分解速率的重要因素。而Fe在干热与湿热之间,以及Mn在3种淋溶条件下,未呈现出一致的变化趋势。(3)Al和Ti在碳酸盐岩风化过程中表现出强烈的惰性。      

Mg-Sr isotopes of low-δ26Mg basalts tracing recycled carbonate species: Implication for the initial melting depth of the carbonated mantle in Eastern China

ABSTRACT

Recent studies show that crustal carbonates recycled into the mantle can be traced using Mg isotopes of basalts. However, the species of recycled carbonates are poorly constrained. Carbonates have lower δ²⁶Mg values and higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios relative to the mantle, but different carbonate species display different mixing curves with the mantle in the Mg-Sr isotopic diagram because of differences in their Sr and Mg contents. Thus a combined study of Mg-Sr isotopes can constrain the species of deeply recycled carbonates. Here, we present newly determined ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the <110 Ma basalts from Eastern China, and together with published Mg isotopic data we evaluate the species of recycled carbonates in the mantle and discuss their implication. The <110 Ma basalts display low δ²⁶Mg values of ?0.60 to ?0.30‰ and relatively low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.70328 to 0.70537, suggesting that their mantle source was hybridized by recycled carbonates with a light Mg isotopic composition which had more significant effects on Mg than Sr isotope ratios. Mg-Sr isotopic data indicate that the recycled carbonates consist of magnesite and aragonite, but the possibility of calcite and dolomite cannot be eliminated. Based on the carbonated peridotite solidus, the equilibrium line between dolomite and magnesite + aragonite, as well as the mantle adiabat, the initial melting depth of the carbonated mantle, the source region of the studied basalts, was constrained at ~300–360 km. Thus, the subducted depth of the west Pacific slab underlying the carbonated mantle and supplying recycled carbonates should be greater than ~300–360 km, consistent with the seismic tomography result that the west Pacific slab now stagnates in the mantle transition zone.     

Impact of lateral force-resisting system and design/construction practices on seismic performance and cost of tall buildings in Dubai, UAE

The local design and construction practices in the United Arab Emirates(UAE),together with Dubai’s unique rate of development,warrant special attention to the selection of Lateral Force-Resisting Systems(LFRS).This research proposes four different feasible solutions for the selection of the LFRS for tall buildings and quantifies the impact of these selections on seismic performance and cost.The systems considered are: Steel Special Moment-Resisting Frame(SMRF),Concrete SMRF,Steel Dual System(SMRF with Special Steel Plates Shear Wall,SPSW),and Concrete Dual System(SMRF with Special Concrete Shear Wall,SCSW).The LFRS selection is driven by seismic setup as well as the adopted design and construction practices in Dubai.It is found that the concrete design alternatives are consistently less expensive than their steel counterparts.The steel dual system is expected to have the least damage based on its relatively lesser interstory drifts.However,this preferred performance comes at a higher initial construction cost.Conversely,the steel SMRF system is expected to have the most damage and associated repair cost due to its excessive flexibility.The two concrete alternatives are expected to have relatively moderate damage and repair costs in addition to their lesser initial construction cost.     

锦屏一级水电站坝基无盖重固结灌浆施工工艺探讨

锦屏一级水电站大坝由于基础层混凝土仓面面积大,温控要求严格、间歇期短,固结灌浆施工与坝体混凝土温控存在较大矛盾,主要采取无盖重固结灌浆加有盖重补强固结灌浆及引管的方式进行。主要就无盖重固结灌浆主要存在问题进行了分析和探讨。