全球气候变暖原因的争议

综合分析了政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)与非政府间国际气候变化专门委员会(NIPCC)针锋相对的观点:是人类活动还是自然因素主导了过去近百年的气候变化.指出20世纪中期以来温度变化的事实支持人类活动影响的观点,但是在近百年中自然因素如太阳活动、火山活动或大洋热盐环流的变化,对温度的年代际变化有重要影响.有充分的古...     

X射线荧光法在桂北金矿勘查中的应用

介绍了X射线荧光法工作原理及其在金矿勘查的物理基础和寻找金矿依据,通过在桂北金矿区勘查的应用,表明了该方法可缩小找金矿的靶区,确定隐伏金矿体位置,划分金矿体的边界,达到缩短找矿周期的目的.     

SOMATOM PLUS全身CTX线管旋转阳极及其控制电路的工作原理及维修

Ｘ线管是ＣＴ中最重要、最昂贵同时也是最易损坏的部件之一，而旋转阳级又是Ｘ线管中故障率最高的部件。因此正确判断Ｘ线管旋转阳级的故障显得尤为重要。如判断失误，将会给用户造成巨大的经济损失。本文阐述西门子ＳｏｍａｔｏｍＰｌｕｓ全身ＣＴ的旋转阳极及其控制电路的工作原理及维修方法，并以流程图的形式给出了步骤。     

Radioelement Mapping and Environmental Monitoring of Surface Deposits using Ground Gamma Ray Spectrometry of the Area Adjacent to El‐Ramlah Village,Southwestern Sinai,Egypt

A ground‐based gamma‐ray survey has been performed in the area close to El‐Ramlah village, southwestern Sinai, Egypt, using a GS‐512 spectrometer. The main objective of this survey was to delineate radioactive anomalies within the surface of the study area and to identify the environmental effects of natural radioelements on the new inhabitants, Bedouins, who live in the recently built village in this region of the Sinai Peninsula. The results show that the maximum radioactivity of the total count component (T.C.) was about 15.7Ur at the northern part of the study area. The average radioelements concentration were 0.4% for potassium, 1.6 ppm for equivalent uranium and 4.5 ppm for equivalent thorium. To identify and map the environmental effects of the concentration of these radioelements on El‐Ramlah village, measurements of potassium (K%), equivalent uranium (eU) and equivalent thorium (eTh) were converted into an equivalent dose rate. The results illustrate that, the levels of effective dose rate of the natural radioactivity of the area of study remains in the safe range without any harm to living organisms, and it stays within the maximum permissible radiation dose rate (1.0 mSv y^?1) recommended by the International Commission of Radiological Protection.     

井中地震CT观测系统研究

井中地震CT具有高精度、高分辨率、接近探测目标等优点,在各类工程中得到较多应用。在震源确定情况下,地震数据的质量主要取决于观测系统的合理设计。本文通过理论模型正演得到相应的观测数据并进行CT成像反演,阐述了观测系统中射线角度、射线密度等因素对CT成像结果的影响。将研究成果应用于工程实际,取得满意效果。     

TI介质局部角度域高斯束叠前深度偏移成像

各向异性射线理论基础上的局部角度域叠前深度偏移方法能够为深度域构造成像与基于角道集的层析反演提供有力支撑,但是对于复杂地质构造而言,高斯度叠前深度偏移在不失高效、灵活等特点的情况下,具有明显的精度优势.为此,本文研究局部角度域理论框架下的高斯束叠前深度偏移方法.为提高算法效率与实用性,文中讨论了一种从经典弹性参数表征的各向异性介质运动学和动力学射线方程演变而来的由相速度表征的简便形式,并提出了一种比较经济的各向异性高斯束近似合成方案.结合地震波局部角度域成像原理,讨论一种适合高斯束偏移的角度参数计算方法.国际上通用的理论模型合成数据试验表明：相比局部角度域Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移成像方法,本文方法具有更高的成像精度与抗噪能力,既适用于复杂构造成像,也可为TI介质深度域偏移速度分析与模型建立提供高效的偏移引擎.     

三角网最小走时射线追踪层析成像

针对层析成像模型矩形网格剖分存在的一些问题,提出了复杂结构三角网最小走时射线追踪层析成像方法。以Delaunay三角剖分的优化准则,根据模型点、线、面的几何结构关系,进行三角网格剖分;采用三角网波行面扩展法计算声波初至走时,追踪出任意接收点至激发点处的射线路径,射线路径包含了从接收点至源点的坐标、所在三角单元等信息,形成矩阵方程。应用稳定性较好的联合迭代重构技术求解矩阵方程,得到模型的速度分布。数值模拟结果表明,三角网射线层析成像方法分辨率高,成像结果更接近实际结构形态,有效地解决了矩形网剖分对复杂区域网格参数化灵活性差,速度界面描述精度低等问题。     

Long-term modulation of cosmic ray intensity in relation to sunspot numbers and tilt angle

A detailed correlative analysis between sunspot numbers (SSN) and tilt angle (TA) with cosmic ray intensity (CRI) in the neutron monitor energy range has been performed for the solar cycles 21, 22 and 23. It is found that solar activity parameters (SSN and TA) are highly (positive) correlated with each other and have inverse correlation with cosmic ray intensity (CRI). The ‘running cross correlation coefficient’ between cosmic ray intensity and tilt angle has also been calculated and it is found that the correlation is positive during the maxima of odd cycles 21 and 23. Moreover, the time lag analysis between CRI and SSN, and between CRI and TA has also been performed and is supported by hysteresis curves, which are wide for odd cycles and narrow for even cycles.     

Late Quaternary climate change record from two long sediment cores from Guaymas Basin,Gulf of California

Modern Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California, Mexico) is a region of high diatom productivity where exceptional preservation factors maintain biannually alternating sediment deposition as annual varves. New sediment cores from Guaymas Basin (MD02‐2512 and MD02‐2515) present the opportunity to construct climate records from below the last glacial period. A low‐resolution age model has been constructed from oxygen isotope analysis, correlation with other dated short piston cores from Guaymas Basin and an estimate of sedimentation rate. MD02‐2512 from eastern Guaymas Basin has an age range from the Holocene to late marine isotope stage 6 (MIS 6); MD02‐2515 from western Guaymas Basin has an age range from ～8000 to 40 000 yr. Shipboard analyses of colour reflectance, magnetic susceptibility and sediment density are combined with continuous X‐ray fluorescence scans to reconstruct a picture of glacial climate in the Gulf of California. Eastern Guaymas Basin is affected by glacial sea level fall, which results in a drastic change in productivity rates and sediment type. The laminated record of MIS 5 allows comparison with the Holocene, showing a similarity of sedimentation patterns during deglaciation and a series of very rapid variations just prior to the last glaciation. In western Guaymas Basin there are a series of Younger Dryas‐like events during the glacial, typified by low productivity and high terrigenous input. Long‐term climate and productivity changes appear to be caused by the southward displacement of the Subtropical High pressure zone. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二阶后牛顿光线方程

近来相继提出一系列的空间天体测量计划，要求考虑在多参考系中二阶后牛顿部分对光线传播的贡献，也就是说，必须讨论在最近完成的扩展的DSX体系下的二阶后牛顿(2PN)光线方程．DSX体系是在20世纪90年代初建立的，用来讨论对N个任意形状和组成、自转可变形物体的一套完整的一阶后牛顿(1PN)天体力学理论．在此建议采用迭代的方法来推导2PN光线方程．从度规和Christoffel记号出发推导太阳系中的2PN光线方程．当忽略掉更高阶的项时，2PN光线方程将回到在很多教科书中广泛出现的1PN光线方程．利用这套方程就可以计算太阳系的光线传播．