Broadening of QSO Lyα forest absorbers

We investigate the dependence of QSO Ly α absorption features on the temperature of the absorbing gas and on the amplitude of the underlying dark-matter fluctuations. We use high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations in cold dark matter dominated cosmological models. In models with a hotter intergalactic medium (IGM), the increased temperature enhances the pressure gradients between low- and high-density regions and this changes the spatial distribution and the velocity field of the gas. Combined with more thermal broadening, this leads to significantly wider absorption features in hotter models. Cosmological models with little small-scale power also have broader absorption features, because fluctuations on the scale of the Jeans length are still in the linear regime. Consequently, both the amplitude of dark-matter fluctuations on small scales and thermal smoothing affect the flux decrement distribution in a similar way. However, the b -parameter distribution of Voigt profile fits, obtained by deblending the absorption features into a sum of thermally broadened lines, is largely independent of the amount of small-scale power, but does depend strongly on the IGM temperature. The same is true for the two-point function of the flux and for the flux power spectrum on small scales. These three flux statistics are thus sensitive probes of the temperature of the IGM. We compare the values computed for our models and obtained from a HIRES spectrum of the quasar Q1422+231 and conclude that the IGM temperature at z ∼3.25 is fairly high, T ₀≳15 000 K. The flux decrement distribution of the observed spectrum is fitted well by that of a ΛCDM model with that temperature.     

海洋平台随机冰力谱的识别

将海冰对结构的作用看作是随机激励,利用海洋平台原型结构冰激振动的实测响应数据,用逆虚拟激励法(1PEM)识别了平台的冰载荷谱,结果表明逆虚拟激励法识别效果满足工程实际的需要,有较好的应用前景。     

Gravitational wave signals from the collapse of the first stars

We study the gravitational wave emission from the first stars, which are assumed to be very massive objects (VMOs). We take into account various feedback (both radiative and stellar) effects regulating the collapse of objects in the early Universe and thus derive the VMO initial mass function and formation rate. If the final fate of VMOs is to collapse, leaving very massive black hole remnants, then the gravitational waves emitted during each collapse would be seen as a stochastic background. The predicted spectral strain amplitude in a critical density cold dark matter (CDM) universe peaks in the frequency range ν ≈5×10⁻⁴–5×10⁻³ Hz, where it has a value in the range ≈10⁻²⁰–10⁻¹⁹ Hz^−1/2, and might be detected by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ( LISA ). The expected emission rate is roughly 4000 event yr⁻¹, resulting in a stationary discrete sequence of bursts, i.e. a shot-noise signal.     

云南祥临公路滑坡滑带土抗剪强度指标的统计分析

云南祥临公路边坡地质条件复杂,岩土性能差,易滑地层分布广,中大型滑坡滑带土大多为含碎石粉质黏土。采用随机统计法和随机-模糊法对此类滑带土的试验数据进行统计分析,得到祥临公路沿线该类滑带土的抗剪强度指标的概率密度函数,给出其置信区间,并对某处典型滑坡采用4种不同统计方法进行具体分析,并将分析结果加以对比,从而对类似地质条件的滑坡治理起到借鉴作用。     

基于小波变换的地震信号分时分频相关去噪

介绍了Donoho的小波域阈值去噪处理方法,提出了对小波变换尺度上小波系数进行分时分频相关处理去噪后,再重构小波系数的方法,以去除大部分随机噪声。然后,再对重构后地震剖面进行小波域阈值去噪处理。结果表明,使用上述新方法可以有效改善地震剖面处理效果,提高信噪比。      

云南路南石林裂隙渗透张量特征

路南石林是世界上六大剑状喀斯特景观地区中最大的一处,总面积达350km2。测量统计资料表明,本区主要发育NE、NW、NNW和NWW向四组区域性高角度裂隙。隙宽多在0.025～0.075mm之间,隙间距相对较大,多在0.5～3.0m之间。各向异性渗透系数相对较小(<0.2m /d) ,总体上有玄武岩>第三系>栖霞灰岩>茅口灰岩。最大渗透主轴方向以NW— SE为主,倾角大。来自非可溶岩盖层内的具很强侵蚀性的裂隙水,对进入成熟演化阶段的裂隙系统快速溶蚀动力学过程的产生起重要作用,为石林快速发育创造条件。质纯层厚的碳酸盐岩高角度裂隙系统和盖层所提供的强侵蚀性裂隙水是石林的形成过程中两个极其重要的因素。      

浅基础沉降可靠性的摄动随机有限元法

将二阶非线性摄动随机有限元理论和土性参数随机场的离散技术相结合,可以处理岩土工程中由多种不确定因素带来的结果的不确定性。与一阶摄动随机有限元相比,二阶摄动随机有限元具有较高的计算精度。笔者探讨了这一方法,考虑土性分布参数和荷载变异性,用二阶摄动随机有限元法进行了浅地基沉降的概率分析。     

指数函数剪切模量土层的地震随机反应

基于改进的一维剪切梁模型[1],对剪切模量为其深度的某一指数函数的成层非均质土层,推导了确定自振频率、振型函数、参与系数及稳态动力响应的封闭型解析表达式。首次证明了这种土层振型函数的正交性,利用随机振动理论,并基于基岩输入地震加速度的功率谱密度函数：白噪声谱和过滤白噪声谱,研究了该土层对地震的随机动力响应问题。计算表明：(1)在基岩输入地震加速度的功率谱为白噪声谱的情况下,土层的最大期望反应,均有别于过滤白噪声谱时的相应值。(2)平稳输入与输出过高地估计了土层的随机响应。     

黑河流域水资源动态变化及其趋势的灰色Markov链预测

根据有关水文气象台站的观测数据,对黑河流域水资源时空分布特征及变化规律进行了分析,并基于GM(1,1)模型和Markov链原理,提出了一个用于黑河流域的水资源变化趋势预测的灰色离散随机过程模型。结果表明,从1944年有观测记录以来的近60a时间里,以黑河干流为代表的黑河流域天然径流经历了几个长度不等的丰水段与枯水段,而目前正处于1996年开始第5个丰水段的下降段的最低点或自2000年开始的第6个枯水段的起始点。未来几年里,黑河流域天然水资源的变化总体上将呈现一种偏枯或平水偏枯的状态,但径流偏枯的幅度将不会很大。     

多孔介质中水合物阻抗探测技术

应用阻抗测量技术测试了多孔介质中CO2水合物的形成和分解过程。实验结果表明,阻抗测量可以反映水合物的形成特征。水合物在形成过程中的成核具有一定的随机性,说明相同温压条件下CO2水合物的成核机会均等。分解过程的热量吸收,可能形成体系内外的温度梯度。阻抗测量技术可以应用于水合物形成过程中的热过程和热力学研究。